LER Cover Story:
Snake Bites to the Lower Extremity Reported to U.S. Emergency Departments
Background: Thousands of snake bites occur in the U.S. each year. Venomous snake bites can produce serious adverse effects, and even bites from nonvenomous snakes may cause adverse effects. Snake bites are often treated at hospital emergency departments (EDs). The objective of this study was to describe snake bites to the lower extremity treated at US hospital EDs.
By Mathias B. Forrester, BS
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Feature Articles
No-Nonsense Recap: Orthobiologics and Bone Substitutes: A Primer
Orthobiologics is the science of harnessing and concentrating substances (substrates) that occur naturally in the body. It is theorized that in higher concentrations, biologics may help to enhance (or) improve the healing process. Orthobiologics and bone substitutes represent groundbreaking advancements in regenerative medicine.
By Asim Raja, DPM, FACFAS
Dog-Item-Related Falls Affecting the Lower Extremity Treated at United States Hospital Emergency Departments
Millions of families in the United States (US) own dogs, and with these dogs comes an assortment of dog items (gates, beds, toys, etc.). Tens of thousands of falls associated with dogs are treated at US hospital emergency departments (EDs) each year, a portion of which involve dog items. The objective of this study is to describe dog-item-related…
By Mathias B. Forrester, BS
Top 3 Recommended Therapies for KOA: Knee Orthoses, Hydrotherapy, Exercise
Assessing the clinical efficacy of different therapeutic options for KOA will aid clinicians in treating patients. While clinicians recognize the positive role of physical therapy in improving symptoms and functionality in knee osteoarthritis (KOA) patients, these methods may differ in mechanisms of action, applicability, and efficacy variances.
By Xiao Chen, Yuanhe Fan, Hongliang Tu, and Yuan Luo
Wound Care Update: I Thought I Was Doing Everything Right…Until the Denials Came In
I used to think documentation was the easy part. Write what you saw, describe what you did, keep it clear and detailed. I was trained well. I took pride in good notes—organized, clinical, complete. The kind you’d feel confident handing off to a colleague.
By Cassandre Voltaire, DO, ABWMS
Unique Biomechanical Challenges of the Diabetic Foot
The biomechanics of the diabetic foot are an intricate interplay of physiological and mechanical challenges that necessitate specialized care strategies. Diabetes often triggers changes in foot structure and function as a result of complications including peripheral neuropathy, vascular issues, and obesity.
By James McGuire, DPM, LPT, LPed, FAPWHc
Prototype AFO Focuses on Aesthetics, Comfort, Function
This study highlights the importance of a user-centered design in enhancing adherence to and satisfaction with AFOs. Ankle-foot orthoses (AFOs) are essential in pediatric rehabilitation particularly for children with conditions such as cerebral palsy, drop foot, or neuromuscular impairments.
By Peter Dabnichki and Toh Yen Pang
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ShortTakes From the Literature
Diabetic Foot Infection in Relation to Bacteraemia and Endocarditis
Diabetic foot infections (DFIs) are one of the most important components...
First MTP Joint-Preserving Surgery for Forefoot Deformity in Patients with RA
Arthrodesis of the first metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joint has been the gold...
Diagnostic Advancements in Early Detection of Diabetic Neuropathy
Diabetic neuropathy (DN) is a widespread complication of diabetes, affecting...
Study Compares Clinical and MRI Findings for Midfoot Pain
Midfoot pain is common but poorly understood, with radiographs often...
Why I Want Bunion Surgery—The Patient’s Perspective
Hallux valgus is the most common pathology afflicting the hallux. Surgery is...
Anatomy of Plantaris Tendon and Management of Midportion Achilles Tendinopath
Midportion Achilles tendinopathy (Mid-AT) is a complex condition that may be...
A Novel Reconstructive Approach for Plantar Charcot Midfoot Ulcer
Chronic plantar ulcers in Charcot neuropathic osteoarthropathy (CNO) present a...
Transtibial Amputee: Adaptation Time with Robotic Prosthesis and Gait Symmetry
Below-knee amputations significantly affect quality of life by eliminating the...
A Foot Forward for Optimum Health
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Industry News & Updates
AI “Digital Twins” Help Patients Make Smarter Decisions About Knee Surgery
An artificial intelligence (AI)–powered tool helped patients make more...
DME MACs Expand Coverage for OA Knee Braces
The Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services and the Durable Medical...
Pediatric Soft Exoskeleton Made of Smart Materials
A next-generation lightweight, soft exoskeleton for children with cerebral...
AOPA Announces 2026 Board of Directors
The American Orthotic and Prosthetic Association (AOPA) has announced its 2026...
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Syndesmosis Ankle Sprain in a 21-Year-Old Division 1 Collegiate Football Player
Background: Syndesmotic injuries make up 12% of all ankle sprains, but 25% of ankle sprains in...
Syndesmosis Sprain in a 19-Year-Old Division 1 Collegiate Football Player
Background: Syndesmosis ankle sprains account for 25% of all ankle sprains in National Collegiate...
Neurocognitive Hop Performance and Chronic Ankle Instability
This study aimed to compare the relationship between self-reported ankle disability and...
Injury & Treatment Characteristics in Middle School Athletes
These researchers analyzed injury and treatment patterns among middle school-aged athletes...
Contributing Factors to Persistent Pain After LAS
This study investigated factors that may contribute to the development of persistent pain 6 months...
A Message From the Publisher
Welcome to Lower Extremity Review or LER as we call it. This long awaited magazine fills the lower extremity information gap for practitioners in the fields of Podiatry, Physical Therapy, O&P Pedorthics, and Orthopedics. With over 20 years experience in multi-disciplinary editorial development and publishing, the collaboration of this incredible team has made this publication possible
Rich Dubin
Publisher and Chief Executive Officer
Featured Products
Lower Extremity Review
Orthosis for Treatment of Shin Splints
Invented by former elite athletes turned medical doctor, biomedical engineer, and product designer, the Solushin® orthosis is designed to treat medial tibial stress syndrome (shin splints). Designed to be worn before or after running, for 30 minutes to 2 hours, it...
Minimally Invasive Bunion Fixation System
Stryker’s PROstep MIS Lapidus fixation system is designed to treat bunions using a minimally invasive surgical reduction, while providing faster recovery. It uses the hallux valgus deformity and subsequent fusion of the first metatarsal cuneiform joint. The technology...
Hyaluronic Acid and Alginate Device for Tendon Repairs
VersaWrap® is a U.S. Food and Drug Administration–cleared medical device implant (not tissue), comprising hyaluronic acid (HA) and alginate, that provides a gelatinous encasement for peripheral nerves, tendons, and surrounding tissues such as ligaments and skeletal...
Knee and Ankle Compression Sleeves
FUTURO™ Brand’s reengineered premium compression sleeves for muscle and joint support have a new sleek look, smooth low-profile construction, and ultra-soft fabric with 4-way stretch that delivers an unrestricted comfortable fit, flexibility, and range of motion. A...
Nitinol Implant System for MTP Fusions, Lapidus Procedures
REFLEX® HYBRID combines the compression of a nitinol staple with the stability of a locking plate, offering indication-specific implants designed for metatarsophalangeal (MTP) fusions and Lapidus procedures. When paired with a cannulated screw with a Dynamic Disc, or...
Thermal Imaging Module for MolecuLightDX
MolecuLight recently announced the availability of its new Thermal Imaging Module for the MolecuLightDX™ fluorescence imaging platform. This innovative clip-on module allows clinicians using the DX device to capture informative thermal images simultaneously with the...
Carbon Fiber Insoles
Overpowered Insoles, made from carbon fiber, feature unparalleled strength, an ultra-lightweight design, and cutting-edge technology, all to empower athletes of all levels to achieve new heights of speed, agility, and performance. Overpowered Insoles elevate the...
Guide to Help Patients with Recovery After Knee Replacement
Katy Vincent, who underwent a total knee replacement at age 54, reveals how she took control of her recovery and return to mental and physical fitness in A Joint Decision ... Total Knee Replacement: Your Handbook for Success (published by Balboa Press AU). This...
CBD Topical Pain Relief
Haylex Laboratories has announced the global release of Ortho Freeze Plus, an over-the-counter topical pain reliever combining the power of lidocaine, diclofenac, and a potent 6,000mg dose of CBD extract isolate (NO THC). Recommended by sports medicine doctors,...
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