LER Cover Story:
lerEXPO Highlights: Fibular Nails–Fad or New Standard?
This article synthesizes the key findings, surgical techniques, and clinical insights from a lerEXPO’s 2025 Gait Keepers Journal Club regarding the use of intramedullary fibular nails for distal fibula fractures. The primary focus is on a retrospective multi-center study published in the Journal of Foot & Ankle Surgery (JFAS) in 2023, which represents the largest cohort of its kind to date.
By Brian Burgess, DPM with Brad Abicht, DPM, FACFAS and Jeff Dikis, DPM
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Feature Articles
Cell Phone-Related Lower Extremity Injuries While Walking
Background: Ninety-seven percent of people in the United States (US) own a cell phone. Consequently, millions of people are at risk of cell phone-related injury, including when using or carrying a cell phone while walking. This study described cell phone-related lower extremity injuries while walking that were treated at US hospital emergency departments (EDs).
By Mathias B. Forrester, BS
Your Video Telehealth Patients Are Watching…And Making Judgements
These study findings suggest you can improve patient trust and satisfaction with telehealth visits by minding your video background. The COVID-19 pandemic prompted rapid adoption of telemedicine. Most physicians had no training on effective webside manner, including their physical environment.
By Nathan Houchens, MD; Sanjay Saint,MD, MPH; Latoya Kuhn, MPH; David Ratz, MS; Jason M. Engle, MPH; Jennifer Meddings, MD, MSc
Clinical Perspective: Posture and Autism: Sitting. Standing, and Toe-Walking Behavior
The other day, Anka (not her real name), a 19-year-old woman with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) came to our clinic for her regular follow-up visit. While she walked independently, she exhibited severe Toe-Walking Behavior (TWB). She was accompanied by her father and an…
By Dalia Zwick PT, PhD
LEREXPO Conversations: Emerging Radiolucent Technologies and Bone Grafting Techniques
Radiolucent technologies are gaining traction in foot and ankle surgeries due to their significant benefits over traditional methods. These innovations, particularly the use of carbon fiber reinforced polyetheretherketone (PEEK), are revolutionizing how surgeries are performed, offering clearer imaging and…
By Brad Abicht, DPM, FACFAS
Physical Characteristics Inducing Sever’s Disease in Junior Gymnasts
Sever’s disease can be painful and limit young athletes in competitive endeavors. These authors sought to find physical characteristics that could identify those at risk. Sever’s disease, also known as calcaneal apophysitis, is an inflammation of the growth plate in the heels of growing children, typically adolescents.
By Kazuaki Kinoshita, Yuichi Hoshino, Naoko Yokota, Masayuki Fukuda, Mika Hirata, and Yuichiro Nishizawa
Analysis of Ankle Instability and Posterior Malleolus Fractures
Posterior malleolus fractures have been associated with ankle instability because the ligament pull that follows such fractures can lead to movement of the fracture fragment and consequently disrupt the weight-bearing surface’s integrity. Posterior malleolus fractures have a reported prevalence spanning 10% to 44% of all ankle fractures and are known to be associated with ankle instability and a heightened development of complications like traumatic arthritis.
By Jichong Ying, Jianlei Liu, Hua Wang, Yunqiang Zhuang, Tianming Yu, Shuaiyi Wang, and Dichao Huang
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Lower Extremity Review
ShortTakes From the Literature
Optimizing Outcomes for Lisfranc Injuries
Lisfranc injuries, once described fracture-dislocations of the tarsometatarsal...
Joint Preserving Surgery Yields Positive Outcomes in RA Forefoot Deformity
A new retrospective study evaluated 74 feet in 57 rheumatoid arthritis...
Individuals with Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease
Impaired balance and functional deficits are common in individuals with...
Meta-Analysis Shows Chinese Therapeutic Massage Is Safe & Effective for CAI
Ankle sprains are among today’s most common injuries. They can range from mild...
A Novel Scoring System Predicts Mortality and Morbidity After BKA
Patients undergoing below-knee amputation may experience considerable...
Effects of Footwear Design on Women with Plantar Heel Pain
Footwear is often recommended in the management of plantar heel pain (PHP),...
Intra-articular Knee Injections and KOA
At least 10% of all patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA) undergo treatment...
Building Core Outcome Set for Foot & Ankle in Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Diseases
The foot and ankle are frequently affected in rheumatic and musculoskeletal...
A Foot Forward for Optimum Health
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Industry News & Updates
Osseointegrated Bionic Knee Can Restore Natural Movement
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) researchers have developed a...
AI-Enabled Wearable Monitors Joint Torque
Researchers from the University of Oxford and University College London have...
Smart Sensor Developed to Monitor Wounds
Researchers from Pennsylvania State University (Penn State) and China’s Hebei...
Ultrasonic Foot Stimulation Device Designed to Improve Circulation, Prevent Diabetes Complications
To reduce the likelihood of consequences caused by impaired blood flow,...
THA Patients Under 65 Have Low Revision Rates at 8 Years
With an increase in total hip arthroplasty (THA) procedures being performed on younger patients,...
TJA Caseloads Need to Double to Meet Demand by 2050
A new study presented at the 2023 AAOS Annual Meeting found that, based on projection models,...
Older Patients Exhibit Better Pain Relief, QOL After TKA
Patients aged 55 and younger were found to have worse pain, function, and quality of life (QOL)...
LIMB PRESERVATION AT STUDENT-LED FREE CLINIC
Uninsured patients with diabetes are at high risk for amputations. This case series illustrates...
ALPS Seeks Student Chapter Members
The American Limb Preservation Society (ALPS) serves as an interdisciplinary bridge between varied...
A Message From the Publisher
Welcome to Lower Extremity Review or LER as we call it. This long awaited magazine fills the lower extremity information gap for practitioners in the fields of Podiatry, Physical Therapy, O&P Pedorthics, and Orthopedics. With over 20 years experience in multi-disciplinary editorial development and publishing, the collaboration of this incredible team has made this publication possible
Rich Dubin
Publisher and Chief Executive Officer
Featured Products
Lower Extremity Review
Socks with Infrared Technology
Hologenix, a pioneer in textile innovation and the company behind CELLIANT® infrared (IR) materials, has linked up with Cadense, an adaptive shoe company, to debut the Cadense Energy Boost Performance sock. When embedded into socks, CELLIANT captures body heat and...
Everyday Lipedema Management Leggings
The Marena Group’s innovative Everyday Early-State and Mid-State Management Leggings compression garments are designed for use by patients suffering from lipedema. This collection of leggings is designed to aid in the daily management of early-state and...
Revitalign Wrigley High Top
The Revitalign® Wrigley High Top casual sneaker blends functionality with a contemporary design, tailored for a youthful, style-conscious audience. Available in a lace-up/zip-up style, this chic suede sneaker offers a customized fit that prioritizes everyday comfort....
Wearable Electric Stimulation Leggings
WE-STIM (Wearable Electric Stimulation) harvests natural electric energy generated from body movement. This harvested energy is then delivered to specific targets on the body using special conductive fibers designed inside the clothing. By simply wearing and moving, a...
Lidocaine and Collagen Wound Care Products
MPM Medical’s TripleHelix™ Collagen is a 100% Type I bovine collagen that has the ability to reduce erythema and edema, as well as provide a greater reduction in wound size when compared to the standard wound dressing. It is available in powders, pads, and rope...
Revitalign Elevated Essentials Collection
Waco Shoe Company recently introduced the Revitalign® Elevated Essentials collection, which features the Laurel, Malibu penny, and Maple Mary Jane loafers, each designed to seamlessly blend style with orthotic-grade support. This loafer collection is more than a...
OA Knee Brace
DonJoy® ROAM™ OA knee brace was designed to unload the pressure of unicompartmental osteoarthritis (OA) and shift weight away from the affected knee to relieve pain and improve stability and mobility. Designed for conservative care and for pre- and post-operative knee...
Dermatonics Dry Skin Cream
Whether it’s cracked heels, dry feet, or dry hands, Dermatonics Dry Skin Cream is clinically proven to nourish skin back to health while providing a barrier to lock in moisture so skin stays soft. All Dermatonics products contain natural ingredients such as Manuka...
Wound Therapy Device
The Wound Express advanced wound therapy device is designed to be used in conjunction with standard treatment techniques and has been shown to significantly reduce the size of both hard-to-heal wounds of venous and mixed etiology in some patients, and other wounds...

























