LER Cover Story:
Snake Bites to the Lower Extremity Reported to U.S. Emergency Departments
Background: Thousands of snake bites occur in the U.S. each year. Venomous snake bites can produce serious adverse effects, and even bites from nonvenomous snakes may cause adverse effects. Snake bites are often treated at hospital emergency departments (EDs). The objective of this study was to describe snake bites to the lower extremity treated at US hospital EDs.
By Mathias B. Forrester, BS
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Feature Articles
The Effects of Exercise on the Geometry and Bone Mineral Density of Femoral Neck Strength
Physical exercise induces spatially heterogeneous adaptation in bone. However, it remains unclear where the changes in bone mineral density (BMD) and geometry have the greatest impact on femoral neck strength.
By Dermot O’Rourke, Belinda R. Beck, Amy T. Harding, Steven L. Watson, Peter Pivonka, Saulo Martelli
Stingray Injuries of the Lower Extremity Treated at United States Emergency Departments
Stingrays are cartilaginous fish related to sharks with round, flattened bodies and whip-like tails. Stingrays are common to shallow intertidal areas of tropical and subtropical oceans around the world, although some rays inhabit cooler waters and freshwater. While there are approximately 150 species of ray worldwide, one to two dozen stingray species are…
By Mathias B. Forrester, BS
Book Excerpt Practical Biomechanics: Treating Asymmetry
One of the most perplexing issues I deal with in biomechanics is trying to take asymmetrical functioning bodies and make them more symmetrical when I think it will help the patient’s symptoms and function. However, asymmetry is part of who we are as people, so some thought has to be put into deciding exactly what needs to be changed because…
By Richard Blake, DPM
The Utility of Pentoxifylline to Treat a Chronic Venous Leg Ulcer: A Case Report
The relationship between calf-pump insufficiency and ulceration has long been established.1 The accompanying venous hypertension is associated with histologic and hemodynamic alterations in capillary and lymphatic microcirculation that result in pathophysiologic changes in the tissues.
By Windy Cole, DPM, CWSP
A Scoping Review of Heel Fat Pad Syndrome
Clinical commentaries and expert opinions have suggested that aging, injury, repetitive or prolonged overloading (eg, endurance runners), overweight, improper footwear, steroid injection, and comorbidities (eg, diabetes, rheumatic diseases) may negatively impact the structure and function of the heel fat pad.
By Alison H. Chang, Steven Zartov Rasmussen, Asger Emil Jensen, Thomas Sørensen, and Michael Skovdal Rathleff
International Exercise Recommendations in Older Adults (ICFSR): Expert Consensus Guidelines
The human aging process is universal, ubiquitous, and inevitable. Every physiological function is being continuously diminished. Aging and a sedentary lifestyle are associated with declines in muscle function and cardiorespiratory fitness, resulting in an impaired capacity to perform daily activities and maintain independent functioning.
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ShortTakes From the Literature
Major Adverse Foot Events Prevalent in DPN and Nephropathy
Peripheral neuropathy affects millions of individuals worldwide. The lifetime...
ROM & Dynamic Stability in Athletes with Lateral Ankle Sprain
Ankle sprains are the most common lower-leg musculoskeletal injuries,...
Meta-Analysis Shows ESWT Is Safe & Efficacious for Plantar Fasciitis
Based on findings from a systematic review and meta-analysis, researchers from...
Can Short-Term Weight Loss Programs Work?
Long-term lifestyle change programs can be effective at achieving weight loss...
Operative VS Nonoperative Management of Achilles Tendon Ruptures
Orthopedic researchers from the University of Michigan and the Toledo (Ohio)...
Collaborative Care Builds Better Outcomes: Care Fragmentation Impacts LE Amputation Outcomes
Care fragmentation (CF) is a known risk factor for unplanned readmission,...
Re The Gut-Brain Axis: Genetic Link Between Parkinson’s Disease and Inflammatory Bowel Disease Found
Researchers at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai have identified...
Initiating BP Meds Increases Fall Risk in Nursing Home Residents
Initiating a new prescription for blood pressure medications may serve to more...
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Industry News & Updates
Combination of Diabetes Drugs Show Promise for Healing DFUs
People with chronic diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) could soon have a new way to...
Lower Limb Exoskeleton Designed for Patients with Reduced or Absent Mobility
TWIN is a new robotic exoskeleton for lower limbs, designed and developed by...
UD Researchers Developing Force-sensing Devices for Prosthetic Legs
John Horne lost his right leg to bone cancer when he was a freshman in high...
Micro-massaging Artificial Muscles Help Fractured Leg Bones Heal Better
An interdisciplinary team of medical specialists, engineers, and computer...
Documenting CAD-CAM’s clinical relevance
By Jordana Bieze Foster Foot orthoses made with advanced design and manufacturing technologies...
CONFERENCE COVERAGE: Orthotics Technology Forum 2013
In late May lower extremity clinicians, orthotic lab owners and managers, and technology experts...
High-tech path leads to the future of improved orthotic prescription
CONFERENCE COVERAGE: Orthotics Technology Forum 2013 By Emily Delzell One of the most-talked-about...
3D printing: The shape of things to come
CONFERENCE COVERAGE: Orthotics Technology Forum 2013 By Emily Delzell The Orthotics Technology...
Lean manufacturing transforms orthotic fabrication
CONFERENCE COVERAGE: Orthotics Technology Forum 2013 By Emily Delzell The need to replace...
A Message From the Publisher
Welcome to Lower Extremity Review or LER as we call it. This long awaited magazine fills the lower extremity information gap for practitioners in the fields of Podiatry, Physical Therapy, O&P Pedorthics, and Orthopedics. With over 20 years experience in multi-disciplinary editorial development and publishing, the collaboration of this incredible team has made this publication possible
Rich Dubin
Publisher and Chief Executive Officer
Featured Products
Lower Extremity Review
TUT Trainer Microgym
The TUT system offers anyone, including elite athletes, a way to elevate their game in record time, across all the key areas. The system builds and recruits all the major muscle groups, adding progressive resistance across multiple planes of motion. Plus it’s...
Lifestyle Sandal Collection
Tread Labs, a performance insole brand established by Chaco founder Mark Paigen, is debuting its premium lifestyle sandal collection for men and women. This line is built upon the brand’s “Your Support Group” system, providing unprecedented levels of comfort, pain...
byACRE Carbon Fiber Rollator
Medline has expanded its portfolio of mobility products with the inclusion of the new byACRE Overland Carbon Fiber Rollator, a lightweight assistive walking device that is durable and agile enough to operate in snow, sand, and mud, as well as on sidewalks, curbs,...
Children’s Workbook to Understanding Pain
Ouch! Why Do I Hurt? is a workbook and guide that provides a fun, interactive way to teach children about how pain works and what to do about it. Studies show that when kids understand how pain works, they fear it less and are more able to return to school and the...
TheraScoop Lateral Trainer
Helix has launched TheraScoop, a professional upgrade to its bestselling Scoop Lateral Trainer, a therapeutic device designed to address chronic knee and hip pain at home. This compact lateral trainer was designed specifically for physical and occupational therapists...
ACTIVATOR Walking Poles
The evidence-based ACTIVATOR® Poles were designed by an occupational therapist and gerontologist specifically for rehabilitation and long-term conditions. This unique patented design enhances strengthening, stability, and off-loading with the user’s safety in mind....
New Click Reel
Click Medical, manufacturer of kits that adjust the fit and volume in custom orthotic and prosthetic (O&P) devices, announced that the NEW Click® Reel is now available and part of Click Medical RevoFit®, RevoLock®, and RevoSurface® Kits. The new device is stronger...
Book Explores Value of Aqua Yoga
Water Yoga: A Teacher’s Guide to Improving Movement, Health, and Wellbeing shows aquatic physical therapists (PTs) and occupational therapists (OTs) how aqua yoga can contribute to their work and provides another tool in their professional toolbox. By using the tools...
Pediatric ACL Implant
Arthrex’s ACL TightRope implant is a U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)–cleared device for pediatric indications. It is used in the surgical treatment of orthopedic injuries. The company developed all-epiphyseal and transphyseal techniques and instrumentation for...


























