LER Cover Story:
Wound Talk with Dr. Windy Cole: Giving Lymphedema the Squeeze: All Things Compression
In traditional medicine, we often treat the vascular, integumentary, and lymphatic systems as separate silos. However, the “Veil Theory,” championed by Dr. Heather Hettrick, reveals that these systems are inextricably linked. At the center of this connection is the endothelial glycocalyx, a microscopic, sieve-like layer within our blood vessels that regulates the movement of fluid and proteins.
By Dr. Windy Cole, DPM, CWSP, FACCWS, FFPM RCPS (Glasg) with Dr. Loan Lam DPM, FAWPHc, FAPWCA, CWSP, CHWS, CLWT and guest Cam Ayala
lerEXPO Upcoming Events
Feature Articles
Civilian Lower Extremity Injuries Resulting from Fires in the United States
Background: In 2023, an estimated 13,350 civilian fire injuries were reported in the United States (US). The objective of this study was to characterize civilian lower extremity injuries resulting from fires in the US. Methods: Data were obtained from the National Fire Incident Reporting System (NFIRS), which collects information on incidents to which fire departments respond in the US. Cases were civilian lower extremity injuries resulting from fires reported to NFIRS during 2014-2023. The distribution of cases was determined for patient characteristics, type of injury, and circumstances of injury.
By Mathias B. Forrester, BS
Machine Learning Combined with Explainable Artificial Intelligence Facilitate Accurate Balance Ability Classification
Using computerized posturographic parameters provides a highly quantitative and objective measure without ceiling or floor effect as a classifier or predictor of falls. The balance control problem is one of the major contributing factors to falls and may change with aging, medication, or acute illness. Computerized posturography obtained in standing conditions has been applied to classify fall risk for older adults or disease groups.
By Huey-Wen Liang, Rasoul Ameri, Shahab Band, Hsin-Shui Chen, Sung-Yu Ho, Bilal Zaidan, Kai-Chieh Chang, and Arthur Chang
LER EXPO Conversations: FAQ – Diagnostic Miscues in Podiatric Dermatology
Performing a biopsy is crucial for achieving diagnostic accuracy. Podiatric physicians may biopsy less frequently than their dermatology counterparts, but an earlier biopsy can significantly improve patient care. Many skin conditions can mimic common podiatric issues, and a biopsy allows for histopathological examination, which can…
By Leland Jaffe, DPM, FACFAS.CWSP
CAGA 101: The 12 Dirty Truths Playbook Dirty Truth #2: Realities of Center of Pressure in Dynamic World
It’s a physics problem – We live dynamic lives, in turn, we suffer dynamic consequences! In the last installment, we focused on our problematic anatomy. We continue this discussion by looking at what happens when we add the interaction between 2 dissimilar bodies, the foot and the floor, and the introduction of force.
By Jay Segel, DPM; Sally Crawford, MS
Targeted Hip Muscle Strengthening Improves Lower Extremity Kinematics in Runners
Dynamic knee valgus, a highly reliable measure of this alignment assessed in the frontal plane, is a valuable tool for identifying this pathomechanical dysfunction. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of functional hip abductor strength training on reducing contralateral pelvic drop angle…
By Shreen Ahmed Lashien, Ahmed Omar Abdelnaeem, and Ebtessam Fawzy Gomaa
A New Innovative and Transformational Approach to Treatment of Toenail Onychomycosis
Toenail onychomycosis has long been difficult to treat because many factors affect the treatment outcome: aging patients, long-standing infection, slow growth of thickened nails, co-morbidities, limitations of the treatment (eg, treatment length, side effects, toxicity, physical limitations of the patient).
By Tracey C. Vlahovic, DPM, and Lewis H. Freed, DPM
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ShortTakes From the Literature
Arthroscopic Broström-Gould Effective for Chronic Ankle Instability
Chronic lateral ankle sprains are common injuries that are largely sequelae of...
The Link Between Proprioception and function in neurological conditions: Systematic-Review
Source: Robertson LS, Fisher G, Diong J, Butler AA, Gandevia SC, Héroux ME....
Peak Knee Flexion Angle Can Identify Persons Post-Stroke with Stiff-Knee Gait
Stiff-knee gait (SKG) affects 25–75% of individuals with post-stroke gait...
Muscle Strengthening Exercise for Foot & Ankle Best Practices
Foot and ankle muscle strengthening exercises are common interventions for...
Positive Outcomes of Medial Arch and Hindfoot Reconstruction in Children
Although surgical alignment of the rear-foot might be sufficient to achieve...
Firefighters’ exposure footwear impacts lower limb walking biomechanics
This study, by researchers from Shanghai, China, investigates the...
3D Mapping of Fracture Line Morphology of Pilon Fractures
In this study, the morphological characteristics of Pilon fractures were...
Biomarker Candidates to Predict DVT and Healing After Achilles Rupture
Deep venous thrombosis (DVT) and poor long-term patient outcomes frequently...
A Foot Forward for Optimum Health
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Industry News & Updates
Gait Retraining Eases Pain, Slows Cartilage Damage
Researchers from the University of Utah (U of U), Salt Lake City; New York...
Pin-Free Robotic Surgery–New Orthopedic Technology
Scientists at Saarland University’s Homburg Campus, Germany, have developed a...
Smart Textiles Use Acoustic Waves to Precisely Measure Touch, Pressure, Movement
Smart textiles developed by researchers at ETH Zurich, Switzerland, use...
Stimulating the Vagus Nerve Through the Ear to Alleviate Knee Pain
A rehabilitation scientist and his team at The University of Texas at El Paso...
Reduced bone quality linked to social isolation in mice study
Social isolation may negatively impact bone health according to a new study conducted in mice....
T1DM survey shows struggle to manage disease & exercise
For people with type 1 diabetes (T1DM), managing blood glucose levels before, during and after...
Aromatase Inhibitors May Limit Effects of Weight Loss Meds
Aromatase inhibitors, some of the most common breast cancer medications, may lessen the effect of...
Running Does Not Increase Risk of Arthritis
Chicago Marathon® participants helped orthopedic researchers further understand the impact of...
Outpatient TJAs Get High Rankings in Patient Satisfaction & Outcomes Survey
In the first study to establish patient satisfaction after outpatient joint arthroplasty (TJA) in...
A Message From the Publisher
Welcome to Lower Extremity Review or LER as we call it. This long awaited magazine fills the lower extremity information gap for practitioners in the fields of Podiatry, Physical Therapy, O&P Pedorthics, and Orthopedics. With over 20 years experience in multi-disciplinary editorial development and publishing, the collaboration of this incredible team has made this publication possible
Rich Dubin
Publisher and Chief Executive Officer
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Lower Extremity Review
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Revitalign Maia Sneaker for Women
The Revitalign® Maia is a new women’s athletic walking shoe offering comfort and style for daily use. The Maia sneaker is made with PURE WALKING technology offering advanced cushioning, articulated flex zones, and 360-degree orthotic support. The design includes an...
Cold and Heat Foot Therapy Wrap
Tuli’s Foot Therapy Wrap is a versatile solution for relieving plantar fasciitis, heel pain, and foot fatigue using both cold and heat therapy. Designed for targeted relief, it reduces inflammation, soothes stiffness, and enhances comfort. Benefits include the...
Ankle Plating System
The Arsenal Ankle Plating System™ consists of 37 anatomically designed plates throughout 9 plate families, offering a plating solution for any ankle fracture. The plates are stout where it matters and sleek where needed, which makes a difference when treating complex...
3-in-1 Massager for Knee Pain
Kneeflow is an at-home, personalized massaging device that can help with the recovery process, prevention, and relief. The device uses 3 methods to provide deeper penetration into joints, cartilage, and tissue for faster and more effective pain relief: Soft airbags...
IB Lab FROG: AI for Radiological/Orthopedic Assessments
IB Lab FROG is an artificial intelligence (AI) module that offers a comprehensive suite of automated measurements on X-rays, designed for radiological and orthopedic foot assessments. IB Lab FROG covers key foot pathologies and delivers clinicians accurate,...
Relaxation Compression Boots
SoleFlux Relax Compression Boots are designed to effectively relieve leg pain and discomfort. The boots utilize intermittent pneumatic compression (IPC) technology, which simulates manual massages to enhance blood circulation and alleviate various symptoms: These air...
AFO with Adaptable, Modular Design
The patented and PDAC-approved Prime Brace offers unmatched adaptability and patient compliance. Its modular design allows users to customize the level of stabilization based on their activities and footwear needs, making it a game-changer in ankle foot orthotic (AFO)...
Topical Oxygen Therapy with NATROX O₂
NATROX O2 is a compact, wearable device that generates and delivers a continuous flow of oxygen directly to the wound bed to promote accelerated healing and foster a healthy wound environment, even in wounds that have persisted for years, such as diabetic foot ulcers,...
























