LER Cover Story:
lerEXPO Highlights: Fibular Nails–Fad or New Standard?
This article synthesizes the key findings, surgical techniques, and clinical insights from a lerEXPO’s 2025 Gait Keepers Journal Club regarding the use of intramedullary fibular nails for distal fibula fractures. The primary focus is on a retrospective multi-center study published in the Journal of Foot & Ankle Surgery (JFAS) in 2023, which represents the largest cohort of its kind to date.
By Brian Burgess, DPM with Brad Abicht, DPM, FACFAS and Jeff Dikis, DPM
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Feature Articles
Current Ankle Osteoarthritis Treatment Practices of UK Podiatrists & Physiotherapists
There is a need for guidance to help allied healthcare professionals manage an evidence-based treatment plan of usual care for ankle osteoarthritis. International clinical guidelines recommend non-pharmacological interventions such as exercises and weight loss as first-line management for osteoarthritis (OA), regardless of joint site. Whereas several evidenced-based non-surgical management…
By Michael J. Callaghan, Jinal Pravin Gala, and Edward Roddy
Foot Rehabilitation Exercises for Flatfoot: A Case Study
Pes planus is also known as flatfoot. It comes from Latin word that means pes as foot and planus as flat or ground level. Here, the medial longitudinal arch of the foot descends, resulting in a lack of spring action and increased stress on the entire foot with each step. It serves as an adaptive support base for the entire body, functions to…
By Pradhyum D. Kolhe , H V Sharath , Siddhi G. Rathi , Deepali S. Patil
Aquatic vs Conventional PT for Severe Ankle Sprains in Elite Athletes
This study came as highly needed because it highlighted the benefit of aquatic training in the rehabilitation of Grade 3 acute ankle sprain by showing very promising results.Ankle sprains are the second most common sports injury after knee injuries, with about 85% of them affecting the lateral ankle ligaments, and ankle injuries account for 14% of orthopedic emergency…
By Maryam M. Sadaak, Salwa Fadl AbdElMageed, and Mona Mohamed Ibrahim
lerEXPO Conversations*: Bracing Posterior Tibial Tendon Dysfunction Long Term
Posterior Tibial Tendon Dysfunction (PTTD) is a pervasive condition impacting the foot and ankle, representing a significant challenge in long-term management for both the patient and the healthcare team. This dysfunction occurs when the posterior tibial tendon, a vital structural support for the arch that enables efficient foot function, becomes injured or degraded, either through…
By Roger Marzano, CPO, CPed
Benefits of Buerger-Allen Exercises for People with Diabetes: A Mini-Review
People with diabetes suffer from serious micro and macrovascular complications of the disease with negative effects on blood flow and lower extremity sensation. Drug therapy alone might be insufficient to prevent or treat these health problems, and patients may need complementary therapy.
By Ahmad Mahdi Ahmad, Akram Abdel-Aziz, Walaa Anwar Mohamed Khalifa, and Alaa Abulfotouh Mohammed
Assessment of Weight Bearing and Non-weight Bearing Dorsiflexion ROM in Foot, Ankle Injuries
It is necessary to identify measurement methods that can detect greater ankle dorsiflexion range of motion limitation in patients with foot and ankle injuries. In clinical practice, ankle dorsiflexion range of motion (DROM) is commonly assessed in patients with foot and ankle injuries (eg, fractures, ligament, and tendon injuries).
By Yuta Koshino, Tomoya Takabayashi, Hiroshi Akuzawa, Takeshi Mizota, Shun Numasawa, Takumi Kobayashi, Shintarou Kudo, Yoshiki Hikita, Naoki Akiyoshi, and Mutsuaki Edama
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ShortTakes From the Literature
Plantar Pressure As Tool For Assessing Risk of Scoliosis
Idiopathic scoliosis (IS) caused by an unknown etiology is prevalent in...
Dynamic Stretching of Foot Intrinsic Muscles Improves Gait & More in Stroke
A study from Korea has demonstrated that foot intrinsic muscle dynamic...
Meta Analysis Shows Effectiveness of Exercise Therapy on CAI
Lateral ankle sprains are one of the most common musculoskeletal injuries. Up...
What to Do About “Too Much Sitting”
“…In one analysis of sedentary behavior, participants were found to spend 14...
qMRI Biomarkers for OA & Knee Replacement
This study forms the basis of a digital twin system of the knee joint, using...
Hallux Valgus, Neuromuscular Control & Risk of Falls in Elderly
A new study from China looked at changes in neuromuscular control in elderly...
Magnesium Plantar Plate Prototype for 1st TMT Joint Fusion*
Titanium plantar plates have proven successful in the fixation of the first...
Study Shows Orthopedic Insoles Can Change Kinematic, Kinetic, & iEMG of Gait
An international team of researchers compared lower limb mechanics and muscle...
A Foot Forward for Optimum Health
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Industry News & Updates
New Method Creates 854x More Mitochondria, Offering Hope for Cartilage Regeneration
Mitochondrial dysfunction is a common denominator in numerous diseases,...
Bioinspired Origami–Based Prosthetic Knee
A research team at Peking University, Beijing, China, has developed what they...
NMES Coupled with Resistance Training Leads to Greater Muscle Mass
Neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) uses electrical currents to...
Enovis Appoints New CEO
Enovis™ Corporation, Wilmington, Delaware, has appointed Damien McDonald as...
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National Biomechanics Day Is April 6, 2022
By Paul DeVita, PhD, and Friends Community engagement, the collaboration between university and...
INTENSITY OF BALANCE CHALLENGE DURING VIDEOGAMING
By Amanda Laxganger, Debbie Espy, and Ann Reinthal Poor balance and falls remain a large concern...
QUANTIFYING BALANCE THROUGH STEP LENGTH AND SINGLE-LEG STANCE
By Zachary Hubbard, Debbie Espy, and Ann Reinthal Quantifying and defining criteria for balance...
THE VIABILITY OF IN-SHOE INSOLES TO MEASURE PRESSURE AND SHEAR IN PATIENTS WITH CHARCOT ARTHROPATHY
By Jessi Martin, Brian Davis, Grant McMillan, and Larry Goss Peripheral neuropathy is a condition...
THE IMPACT BALANCE TRAINING HAS ON KINEMATIC MEASUREMENTS POST STROKE
By Abigail Tolstyka, Sydney Bajusz, Ann Reinthal, and Deborah Espy Stroke is a neurological...
A Message From the Publisher
Welcome to Lower Extremity Review or LER as we call it. This long awaited magazine fills the lower extremity information gap for practitioners in the fields of Podiatry, Physical Therapy, O&P Pedorthics, and Orthopedics. With over 20 years experience in multi-disciplinary editorial development and publishing, the collaboration of this incredible team has made this publication possible
Rich Dubin
Publisher and Chief Executive Officer
Featured Products
Lower Extremity Review
Fizzing Foot Foam
Dermatonics Deodorising Fizzy Foot Foam is the perfect solution for anyone who wants to keep their feet cool, fresh, and comfortable throughout the day. This unique, fizzing foot foam provides an instant cooling and refreshing sensation, while also deodorizing and...
“Barefoot” Sandals
The Camino™ barefoot sandal pairs flexible and minimal soling approach with classic rugged, durable oil-tanned leather uppers. The sandal was designed to meet the criteria of minimal footwear with a transitional flexible sole to safely build stronger, more functional...
PRECISION® MIS Bunion System
Paragon 28’s PRECISION® MIS Bunion System was engineered to allow surgeons to complete a distal metatarsal osteotomy using a minimally invasive surgical (MIS) technique. The system features an outrigger designed for controlled triplanar correction including...
Wound Therapy Device
The Wound Express advanced wound therapy device is designed to be used in conjunction with standard treatment techniques and has been shown to significantly reduce the size of both hard-to-heal wounds of venous and mixed etiology in some patients, and other wounds...
Patient-specific Talus Replacement
The restor3d Total Talus Replacement implant is a 3D-printed and polished implant designed and made individually for each patient using data from computed tomography (CT) scan. The implant is intended to reduce pain, increase physical function, and maintain range of...
New Knee Brace Line with Joint-assistance Hinge System
McDavid has launched the Wrap and NRG Knee Brace, a hinge technology recovery solution that stores energy when flexed and rebounds with the body’s natural movement, thereby reducing stress on knees up to 25% (based on wearing 1 NRG Knee Brace per knee). The NRG Knee...
Wireless, Portable TENS Unit
The iTENS unit uses wireless electrotherapy to promote pain relief and relaxation in any major joint or trouble area in the body. The portable physiotherapy device can be simply attached to the skin, making it effective for targeted relief of back pain, neck pain,...
OTC Bioelectric Bandage
Vomaris recently announced the launch of its US Food & Drug Administration–cleared PowerHeal™ bioelectric bandage for over-the-counter (OTC) use. PowerHeal bioelectric bandages are powered by patented microcell battery technology. Foundationally inspired by the...
Pickleball-specific Insoles
CURREX PICKLEBALLPRO insoles are tailored to meet the unique demands of pickleball while providing a personalized fit. Driven by a commitment to the performance, comfort, and well-being of professional and recreational athletes, these insoles feature superior grip...
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