LER Cover Story:
lerEXPO Highlights: Fibular Nails–Fad or New Standard?
This article synthesizes the key findings, surgical techniques, and clinical insights from a lerEXPO’s 2025 Gait Keepers Journal Club regarding the use of intramedullary fibular nails for distal fibula fractures. The primary focus is on a retrospective multi-center study published in the Journal of Foot & Ankle Surgery (JFAS) in 2023, which represents the largest cohort of its kind to date.
By Brian Burgess, DPM with Brad Abicht, DPM, FACFAS and Jeff Dikis, DPM
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Feature Articles
Movements Count: 5 Minutes of Exercise Per Day Could Lower Blood Pressure
In free-living environments, more time spent in exercise-like activities has the strongest association with blood pressure (BP), and even small changes to daily movement patterns can elicit clinically meaningful improvements. Multinational researchers from the ProPASS Consortium (Prospective Physical Activity, Sitting and Sleep) used data from thigh-worn accelerometers and BP measurements of…
Minimally Invasive Bunion Surgery for Hallux Valgus: A Surgical Technique
Hallux valgus (HV) is a common forefoot problem with a reported prevalence of 23% in adults age 18–65 years and 35.7% in adults aged over 65 years. More than a hundred procedures were described to treat HV deformity. Traditionally, surgical treatment of HV included open osteotomies and soft tissue procedures. In recent years, minimally invasive surgery…
By Erdi Özdemir, MD, and Michael Aynardi, MD
Computer-Aided Gait Analysis Can “See” Blind Gait
Imagine for a moment, you were cast into a world of uncertainty by the loss of sight. Your relationship with all you know is forever changed. We have “tells” to these challenges and learn ways of adapting to our new circumstances. We do things slower, with less confidence, and rely on our other senses. We listen for auditory cues, but perhaps the sense we lean on…
By Jay Segel, DPM; Sally Crawford, MS; Ronald Sherman, DPM, MBA
AAOS Updates Guideline to Prevent THA and TKA Periprosthetic Joint Infection in Patients Undergoing Dental Procedures
The American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons(AAOS) issued an updated Clinical Practice Guideline (CPG) for the Prevention of Total Hip and Knee Arthroplasty Periprosthetic Joint Infection (PJI) in Patients Undergoing Dental Procedures, which replaces the previous guideline from 2012. The CPG supports patients who are scheduled for or have…
Cell Phone-Related Lower Extremity Injuries While In or On a Motor Vehicle
Background: In 2023, 97% of United States (US) adults reported that they owned a cell phone. Use of cell phones while driving may result in crashes and injuries. This study characterized cell phone-related lower extremity injuries while in or on a motor vehicle that were treated at US hospital emergency departments (EDs).
By Mathias B. Forrester, BS
Training on Unstable Surfaces Improves Balance Ability in Older Adults
Posterior malleolus fractures have been associated with ankle instability because the ligament pull that follows such fractures can lead to movement of the fracture fragment and consequently disrupt the weight-bearing surface’s integrity. Falls are a multifactorial phenomenon and a cause of increasing rates of mortality and morbidity in older adults, and are significant contributors to disability or early institutionalization.
By Alex Rizzato, Matteo Bozzato, Luca Rotundo, Giuseppe Zullo, Giuseppe De Vito, Antonio Paoli, and Giuseppe Marcolin
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ShortTakes From the Literature
Resistance Training & High Protein Diet Impacts Vascular & Muscle Health of Elderly Women
Resistance training is a well-known exercise therapy for preventing and...
Risk & Progression of HV Angle in Elite Adolescent Dancers
No previous studies have linked the progression of hallux valgus (HV) with...
Effects of FES On Cognition Rate & Gait in Neurological Patients
People with neurological disorders and foot drop may suffer from...
Postoperative Shoes or Walker Boots: Study Compares 2 Types of Orthoses
The choice of an appropriate type of orthosis depends on the patient’s...
Static Stretching Does Not Appear to Influence Ankle Proprioception
Ankle joint-position sense (A-JPS) is the body’s awareness of the ankle’s...
MRI vs SPECT-CT in Diagnosing Fracture-Related Talar Osteochondral Lesions
Ankle fractures are common, and although treatment is generally successful, up...
The Effects of Exergaming in Improving Physical Health and Well-Being
Researchers in Singapore explored how different exergaming modes affect...
Growth in Use of Electric Biking Linked to Increase in Injury
Electric biking (E-biking) has been growing in popularity. High-impact...
A Foot Forward for Optimum Health
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Industry News & Updates
AI-Assisted Model Helps Improve Prediction of Worsening Knee OA
An artificial intelligence (AI)-assisted model that combines a patient’s MRI...
New Algorithm Improves Fitness Trackers for People with Obesity
For those living with obesity, who are known to exhibit differences in walking...
New Fabrication Approach May Improve Wearable Sesnsors
A team led by researchers at Pennsylvania State University (Penn State)...
Smart Bandage with Plant Power Heals Chronic Wounds
A multidisciplinary team from Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing Medical...
Reduced bone quality linked to social isolation in mice study
Social isolation may negatively impact bone health according to a new study conducted in mice....
T1DM survey shows struggle to manage disease & exercise
For people with type 1 diabetes (T1DM), managing blood glucose levels before, during and after...
Aromatase Inhibitors May Limit Effects of Weight Loss Meds
Aromatase inhibitors, some of the most common breast cancer medications, may lessen the effect of...
Running Does Not Increase Risk of Arthritis
Chicago Marathon® participants helped orthopedic researchers further understand the impact of...
Outpatient TJAs Get High Rankings in Patient Satisfaction & Outcomes Survey
In the first study to establish patient satisfaction after outpatient joint arthroplasty (TJA) in...
A Message From the Publisher
Welcome to Lower Extremity Review or LER as we call it. This long awaited magazine fills the lower extremity information gap for practitioners in the fields of Podiatry, Physical Therapy, O&P Pedorthics, and Orthopedics. With over 20 years experience in multi-disciplinary editorial development and publishing, the collaboration of this incredible team has made this publication possible
Rich Dubin
Publisher and Chief Executive Officer
Featured Products
Lower Extremity Review
Red Light Therapy for Accelerated Healing, Recovery
Recharge Health’s FlexBeam portable, high-powered red light therapy device is designed to accelerate healing and recovery. Combining advanced infrared technology with ergonomic design, FlexBeam delivers targeted therapy for pain relief, inflammation reduction, and...
Adult Independence Walker
The Independence Stand-Up Walker™ is designed with joy and change in mind. To accomplish this, the medical device has a tubular frame for easy transport and storage with a vertically and horizontally tapered pole (narrower at the top, both in width and depth), which...
Stand-on-Command Mobility Rider
VertaCat is a new all-terrain mobility rider that lifts people with limited mobility into a standing position, enabling challenged walkers to play golf and other sports again. Made in the United States, VertaCat’s electric stand-up assist system provides padded chest,...
Revitalign Gaia Sneakers for Men
The Revitalign® Gaia athletic walking shoe for men is expertly crafted to deliver unmatched comfort, stability, and orthotic support for active lifestyles. The sneaker is designed to meet the diverse needs of men seeking style, foot health, and performance in 1 shoe....
Enovis Adds EMPOWR™ Cones to EMPOWR Revision Knee™ System
Enovis™ has redefined revision knee surgery by expanding its EMPOWR Revision Knee™ system to include EMPOWR™ Cones. The addition of the stackable tibial, femoral, and diaphyseal cones increases options for treating bone defects, creating a comprehensive portfolio to...
Golf Training Insoles
Continental’s BAL.ON Smart Kit provides golfers with real-time swing analysis and coaching using 2mm-thin pressure-sensing insoles and an artificial intelligence (AI)–powered smartphone app, to efficiently guide users to a better swing and lower scores. The kit...
Energy Boosting Infrared Socks
The Cadense Energy Boost Performance sock is made using Hologenix’s CELLIANT proprietary minerals. When embedded into socks, CELLIANT captures body heat and converts it into infrared (IR) energy—to increase local circulation and cellular oxygenation—which is reflected...
Genium X4 Microprocessor Knee
Genium X4 is the next generation of Ottobock’s Genium family of prosthetic microprocessor knees (MPKs). Building on the proven Optimized Physiological Gait (OPG) technology and rugged durability of its predecessors, the MPK offers improvements in user experience...
Heel Revival Cream
In honor of Mentholatum’s 135th anniversary, the company announced the launch of its Heel Revival Cream. Developed in the FootHealth™ Innovation Lab, the cream features a groundbreaking patented formula that penetrates deep into the skin to target and eliminate fungal...


























