LER Cover Story:
lerEXPO Highlights: Fibular Nails–Fad or New Standard?
This article synthesizes the key findings, surgical techniques, and clinical insights from a lerEXPO’s 2025 Gait Keepers Journal Club regarding the use of intramedullary fibular nails for distal fibula fractures. The primary focus is on a retrospective multi-center study published in the Journal of Foot & Ankle Surgery (JFAS) in 2023, which represents the largest cohort of its kind to date.
By Brian Burgess, DPM with Brad Abicht, DPM, FACFAS and Jeff Dikis, DPM
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Feature Articles
Do the Fasciae of the Soleus Have a Role in Plantar Fasciitis? Part II
Plantar fasciitis is a chronic and painful disabling condition affecting the inferomedial aspect of the heel, usually extending toward the metatarsophalangeal joints. These authors examined the anatomical and biomechanical substrates of plantar fasciitis with special emphasis on the emerging, though largely neglected, fascial system.
By Larisa Ryskalin, PhD; Gabriele Morucci, PhD; Paola Soldani, PhD; and Marco Gesi, PhD
Surgical Treatment of Ingrown Toenails Part 1: Recurrence and Relief
Ingrown toenails are a common nail pathology, yet there is a lack of good quality evidence to guide practice. An ingrown toenail, or onychocryptosis, is a common nail pathology that occurs when the nail plate punctures the periungual skin causing substantial pain, inflammation, discomfort…
By Victoria Exley, Katherine Jones, Grace O’Carroll, Judith Watson, and Michael Backhouse
Falls and Related Injuries Due to Chronic Ankle Symptoms
Falls and falls-related injuries are a problem in individuals with chronic ankle symptoms. Falls are a significant health concern especially among older adults. While falls are associated with osteoarthritis (OA) and persistent pain at the hip and knee, falls have not been investigated in people with…
By Munira M. Al Mahrouqi, Bill Vicenzino, David A. MacDonald, and Michelle D. Smith
Do the Fasciae of the Soleus Have a Role in Plantar Fasciitis? Part I
Plantar fasciitis is a chronic and painful disabling condition affecting the inferomedial aspect of the heel, usually extending toward the metatarsophalangeal joints. These authors examined the anatomical and biomechanical substrates of plantar fasciitis with special emphasis on the emerging, though largely neglected, fascial system.
By Larisa Ryskalin, Gabriele Morucci, Paola Soldani, and Marco Gesi
Podiatric Pathology in Women with Breast Cancer Undergoing Chemotherapy
Chemotherapy is one of the most widely used therapies for breast cancer. However, little research has been undertaken about podiatric adverse effects. Chemotherapy—1 of the most widely used therapies for breast cancer—and its effects have been widely…
By Raquel Veiga-Seijo, Sonia Pertega-Diaz, Maria Eva Perez-Lopez, Lourdes Calvo Martinez, Silvia Antolin Novoa, and Cristina Gonzalez-Martin
Therapeutic Benefits of Ankle-Foot Prostheses
A better understanding of the therapeutic benefits of performing daily activities with passive, quasi-passive, and active ankle-foot prostheses in people with a lower limb amputation can help gauge the impact of…
By Elke Lathouwers, María Alejandra Díaz, Alexandre Maricot, Bruno Tassignon, Claire Cherelle, Pierre Cherelle, Romain Meeusen, and Kevin De Pauw
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Lower Extremity Review
ShortTakes From the Literature
Metal Hypersensitivity and Joint Implants
Metal hypersensitivity (MH) is a controversial topic with limited evidence. It...
TKA Outcomes Among Self-Reported Nickel Allergy Patients
In a study that looked at the data on more than 18,000 patients, researchers...
Salto Talaris Fixed-Bearing Total Ankle Arthroplasty: 10-Yr Results
In this longer-term follow-up of a limited cohort (48 patients/50 ankles,...
Silastic Joint Arthroplasty for End-Stage Hallux Rigidus
Osteoarthritis of the first metatarsophalangeal joint (MTPJ) is a common...
A Word About Injury After Concussion…
In 2022, a report in the International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy...
Reliability/Validity of OneStep SmartPhone App Assessed
An easy-to-use and reliable tool is essential for gait assessment of people...
Study Examines Footwear Preferences in People with Knee OA
Although footwear can improve pain and function in individuals with knee...
Running in Minimal Shoes Vs Barefoot: Significant Difference
Shoes affect the evolved biomechanics of the foot, potentially affecting...
A Foot Forward for Optimum Health
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Industry News & Updates
SPS Awards O&P Student Scholarships
SPS, Alpharetta, Georgia, a U.S. distributor of orthotic and prosthetic...
Robotics for Adaptive Gait Training
A gait training robot, developed through collaborative efforts from...
3D-Printed Femurs May Enhance Biomechanical Studies
Researchers at University of Texas (UT) Southwestern Medical Center have...
3 Receive Podiatry Management Lifetime Achievement Awards
Paul Kesselman, DPM, Lee C. Rogers, DPM, and Jeff Root were elected by...
Exploring 3D printing in Prosthetics
3D-printed Sockets Safe? By Keith Loria There are approximately 2 million people living with an...
Low Cost Insulin Spray Improves Healing of Diabetic Foot Ulcers
By Nicole Wetsman Spraying insulin into an open wound improves the healing of diabetic foot ulcers...
Foot Type Determines Effect of Orthotics on Muscle Activity
By Nicole Wetsman Adding a lateral bar beneath foot orthoses does not significantly alter activity...
Treating Vascular Malformations Without Surgery
By Nicole Wetsman Arteriovenous malformation can be managed non-surgically according to a poster3...
Office-based Toe Amputations Are Safe and Efficient
By Nicole Wetsman As patients seek more affordable care options, moving surgical procedures from...
A Message From the Publisher
Welcome to Lower Extremity Review or LER as we call it. This long awaited magazine fills the lower extremity information gap for practitioners in the fields of Podiatry, Physical Therapy, O&P Pedorthics, and Orthopedics. With over 20 years experience in multi-disciplinary editorial development and publishing, the collaboration of this incredible team has made this publication possible
Rich Dubin
Publisher and Chief Executive Officer
Featured Products
Lower Extremity Review
New, Improved Knee Brace for Chronic Pain Relief
Bauerfeind’s new and improved GenuTrain A3 knee brace is designed for people living an active lifestyle who need support for chronic, mild to moderate knee osteoarthritis pain. The newly designed star-shaped patella pad with extra effective zones provides even better...
Rehabilitation System for Adults with Chronic Stroke Walking Impairments
MedRhythms’ InTandem (MR-001) is available by prescription for at-home use to improve walking and ambulation in adults living with chronic stroke walking impairments. This is an evidence-based neurorehabilitation system based on the principles of rhythmic auditory...
Scale that Detects Early Diabetes Complications
Body Pro 2 is a revolutionary device that redefines the nature and use of cellular-connected smart scales. It combines habit-forming user features with a pioneering modular approach to manage chronic conditions within one versatile device. Its core capabilities allow...
Infrared Recovery Compression Socks
Comrad Socks recently unveiled its latest innovation, the Infrared Recovery Compression Socks. The infrared-infused fabric absorbs natural heat and reflects infrared energy back into the body, easing muscle fatigue and reducing swelling. This advanced feature not only...
Diabetic Hydrogel Wound Dressing, First Aid Gel
Lavior Pharma’s Diabetic Hydrogel Wound Dressing and Diabetic First Aid Gel plant-based creams are rapid-healing creams, developed from groundbreaking wound care research. They are endorsed by the American Diabetes Association. The company’s extensively researched...
Ankle Arthrodesis Nail System
The Shotel™ Ankle Arthrodesis Nail System uses a novel device design to treat end-stage ankle arthritis. The patented system, which is manufactured and distributed by BioPro Implants, differs from traditional ankle arthrodesis devices because its unique curved design...
Portable, Wireless TENS/NMES Unit
MANAMED®’s ManaFlexx 2 is a compact medical device that delivers electrical pulses to the user’s skin through the company’s patented wireless technology for 2 distinct uses. The device was originally granted US Food &Drug Administration–clearance for the...
Partial Knee Replacement System
Ortho Development’s BKS® Uni, the latest addition to its portfolio of Balanced Knee® implant systems, is a partial knee replacement system designed to preserve bone, simplify surgical technique, and leverage the clinical heritage of the Balanced Knee System. The...
Customizable Pneumatic Compression Recovery Device
Recovapro Air by Recovapro is a US Food & Drug Administration–type II medical-grade compression system to aid athletes to have a faster recovery after intense training. The medical-grade pneumatic compression system is a proprietary technology that provides an...
























