Lower Extremity Review
The other day, Anka (not her real name), a 19-year-old woman with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) came to our clinic for her regular follow-up visit. While she walked independently, she exhibited severe Toe-Walking Behavior (TWB). She was accompanied by her father and an…
By Dalia Zwick PT, PhD
Radiolucent technologies are gaining traction in foot and ankle surgeries due to their significant benefits over traditional methods. These innovations, particularly the use of carbon fiber reinforced polyetheretherketone (PEEK), are revolutionizing how surgeries are performed, offering clearer imaging and…
By Brad Abicht, DPM, FACFAS
Sever’s disease can be painful and limit young athletes in competitive endeavors. These authors sought to find physical characteristics that could identify those at risk. Sever’s disease, also known as calcaneal apophysitis, is an inflammation of the growth plate in the heels of growing children, typically adolescents.
By Kazuaki Kinoshita, Yuichi Hoshino, Naoko Yokota, Masayuki Fukuda, Mika Hirata, and Yuichiro Nishizawa
Posterior malleolus fractures have been associated with ankle instability because the ligament pull that follows such fractures can lead to movement of the fracture fragment and consequently disrupt the weight-bearing surface’s integrity. Posterior malleolus fractures have a reported prevalence spanning 10% to 44% of all ankle fractures and are known to be associated with ankle instability and a heightened development of complications like traumatic arthritis.
By Jichong Ying, Jianlei Liu, Hua Wang, Yunqiang Zhuang, Tianming Yu, Shuaiyi Wang, and Dichao Huang
Restoring correct ankle biomechanics is essential for maintaining long-term joint health of the ankle in patients with chronic ankle instability. Lateral ankle sprain (LAS) is 1 of the most common musculoskeletal injuries in athletes and the general public. Incomplete recovery and inadequate restoring of function due to lack of appropriate rehabilitation can lead to chronic ankle instability (CAI). Loss of passive ligamentous stability and deficits in neuromuscular control and…
By Seyed Hamed Mousavi, Fateme Khorramroo, Hooman Minoonejad, and Johannes Zwerver
Varicose veins affect nearly one third of the adult population and are considered early warnings of the more serious chronic venous insufficiency. Early recognition and prevention are key to suppressing potential life-threatening damage and maintaining patient quality of life. Varicose veins (VVs)—those bulging, twisted blood vessels typically seen on the legs—are more than an esthetic issue. They can be painful and affect patients’ quality of life; left untreated, they can lead to life-threatening chronic venous insufficiency and venous ulcers and warrant a clinician’s attention.
By Angela Kelley, PA-C, MSM
Tens of thousands of shopping cart-related injuries are treated at United States (US) hospital emergency departments (EDs) each year. This study described shopping cart-related lower extremity injuries treated at US hospital EDs. Methods: An analysis was performed of shopping cart-related lower extremity injuries reported to the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System during 2000-2023.
By Mathias B. Forrester, BS
Varicose veins (VVs)—those bulging, twisted blood vessels typically seen on the legs—are more than an esthetic issue. They can be painful and affect patients’ quality of life; left untreated, they can lead to life-threatening chronic venous insufficiency and venous ulcers. And when seen or mentioned, will always warrant a clinician’s attention.
By Angela Kelley, PA-C, MSM
Aquatic-based exercises are used as an alternative to land-based exercises for older adults who have lower levels of physical activity or neuromuscular disorders that impact their balance function. Balance plays a crucial role in the daily activities of older adults. Aquatic-based exercises (AE) are widely conducted as an alternative to…
By Ying Deng, Zheng Tang, Zhengting Yang, Qi Chai, Wenting Lu, Yunshi Cai, Yiting Luo, and Yongzhao Zhou
Despite being less commonly discussed than other motor symptoms, such as tremors and bradykinesia, hypertonia of the hallux holds diagnostic and prognostic significance in Parkinson’s disease (PD). This motor anomaly is dissected within the context of the broader clinical spectrum of PD symptoms…
By Houssam Mahla, Abdelilah Rhoul, Mohammed Gartit, Souhail Yachaoui, Ahmed Amine EL Oumri
There is a need for guidance to help allied healthcare professionals manage an evidence-based treatment plan of usual care for ankle osteoarthritis. International clinical guidelines recommend non-pharmacological interventions such as exercises and weight loss as first-line management for osteoarthritis (OA), regardless of joint site. Whereas several evidenced-based non-surgical management…
By Michael J. Callaghan, Jinal Pravin Gala, and Edward Roddy
Pes planus is also known as flatfoot. It comes from Latin word that means pes as foot and planus as flat or ground level. Here, the medial longitudinal arch of the foot descends, resulting in a lack of spring action and increased stress on the entire foot with each step. It serves as an adaptive support base for the entire body, functions to…
By Pradhyum D. Kolhe , H V Sharath , Siddhi G. Rathi , Deepali S. Patil
This study came as highly needed because it highlighted the benefit of aquatic training in the rehabilitation of Grade 3 acute ankle sprain by showing very promising results.Ankle sprains are the second most common sports injury after knee injuries, with about 85% of them affecting the lateral ankle ligaments, and ankle injuries account for 14% of orthopedic emergency…
By Maryam M. Sadaak, Salwa Fadl AbdElMageed, and Mona Mohamed Ibrahim
Posterior Tibial Tendon Dysfunction (PTTD) is a pervasive condition impacting the foot and ankle, representing a significant challenge in long-term management for both the patient and the healthcare team. This dysfunction occurs when the posterior tibial tendon, a vital structural support for the arch that enables efficient foot function, becomes injured or degraded, either through…
By Roger Marzano, CPO, CPed
People with diabetes suffer from serious micro and macrovascular complications of the disease with negative effects on blood flow and lower extremity sensation. Drug therapy alone might be insufficient to prevent or treat these health problems, and patients may need complementary therapy.
By Ahmad Mahdi Ahmad, Akram Abdel-Aziz, Walaa Anwar Mohamed Khalifa, and Alaa Abulfotouh Mohammed
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