LER Cover Story:
lerEXPO Highlights: Fibular Nails–Fad or New Standard?
This article synthesizes the key findings, surgical techniques, and clinical insights from a lerEXPO’s 2025 Gait Keepers Journal Club regarding the use of intramedullary fibular nails for distal fibula fractures. The primary focus is on a retrospective multi-center study published in the Journal of Foot & Ankle Surgery (JFAS) in 2023, which represents the largest cohort of its kind to date.
By Brian Burgess, DPM with Brad Abicht, DPM, FACFAS and Jeff Dikis, DPM
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Feature Articles
Lower Extremity Injuries Involving The United States Rail Transportation System
Thousands of people have United States (US) rail transportation industry jobs, and millions travel by US rail each year. Injuries may occur to employees, passengers, and others who may interact with the rail transportation system. The objective of this study was to characterize lower extremity injuries involving the rail transportation system.
By Mathias B. Forrester, BS
Practical Biomechanics for the Podiatrist – Book 1
Biomechanics are foundational to podiatry, physiotherapy, and the study of orthotics and prosthetics. Here we provide an excerpt from the author’s recently released Book 1 of the 4-part series, Practical Biomechanics for the Podiatrist.
By Richard Blake, DPM, MS
The Association Between Step Count and Walking Intensity
The goal of walking 10,000 steps per day is not rooted in science. Rather, it came from a clever Japanese marketing campaign in 1964, for a pedometer called the Manpo-kei: “man” meaning 10,000, “po” meaning steps, and “kei” meaning meter. Despite the origin, this number became a benchmark to achieve while walking…
Chronic Venous Insufficiency and the Diabetic Patient: Is There a Connection?
Is there a link between diabetes and chronic venous insufficiency (CVI)? Well, let’s just say that relationship is “complicated.” While diabetes may not directly cause venous insufficiency, it does have an effect on the tissues of the lower extremities. It has been documented that glycosylated hemoglobin is damaging to…
By Windy Cole, DPM, CWSP
Biomechanical Risks Associated with Foot and Ankle Injuries in Ballet Dancers
Dancing is a special competitive sport with dancers performing moves in both open and closed kinetic chains…but is training focused on injury prevention? Is it time for a shoe re-design? Dancing may be termed a special competitive sport and dancers perform an activity in both open and closed kinetic chains.
By Fengfeng Li, Ntwali Adrien, and Yuhuan He
Dog Bites of the Lower Extremity Treated at Hospital Emergency Departments
There are millions of pet dogs in the United States (US), and thousands of people are treated at US hospital emergency departments (EDs) each year for dog bites. Approximately 20-25% of these dog bites affect the lower extremity. The objective of this study was to characterize dog bites of the lower extremity treated…
By Mathias B. Forrester, BS
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Lower Extremity Review
ShortTakes From the Literature
Nano Drug Accelerates Diabetic Wound Healing in Mice
Researchers at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai in New York City...
ROM/Dynamic Stability After Ankle Sprain: Dominant vs Nondominant Limb
Ankle sprains are the most common lower-leg musculoskeletal injuries,...
New Wound Surgical Integrated Treatment Uses Antibiotic-Loaded Bone Cement for Non-Weight Bearing DFUs
Diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) present significant challenges due to associated...
Obesity & Arch Development in Children
In a unique longitudinal study out of China, researchers looked at the...
Analyzing Thermal Characteristics of Orthotics Lining Materials
The choice of materials for covering plantar orthoses or wearable insoles is...
Improving Care for Sarcopenia
Sarcopenia denotes the progressive loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength,...
Effect of combined electrical stimulation and brief muscle lengthening on torque development
This study showed, for the first time, that the combined application of a...
Skin Test Detects Evidence of Parkinson’s and Related Disorders
Alpha-synuclein is a protein found in brain and nerve cells. Its normal...
A Foot Forward for Optimum Health
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Industry News & Updates
UD-developed Biomaterials Approved for Wound Management Products
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration has approved 2 new wound management...
Hanger Ventures Invests in Bionic Power
Hanger Ventures, a Hanger, Inc. business whose primary objective is to advance...
Biomaterial Technology, Rehabilitation Medicine to Aid in Muscle/Nerve Regeneration
Researchers from the Institute of Basic Science (IBS) in South Korea have...
Nanomaterial Quickly Heals Wounds in Diabetic Animal Model
Arizona State University (ASU) bioengineers have developed a multistep...
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Documenting CAD-CAM’s clinical relevance
By Jordana Bieze Foster Foot orthoses made with advanced design and manufacturing technologies...
CONFERENCE COVERAGE: Orthotics Technology Forum 2013
In late May lower extremity clinicians, orthotic lab owners and managers, and technology experts...
High-tech path leads to the future of improved orthotic prescription
CONFERENCE COVERAGE: Orthotics Technology Forum 2013 By Emily Delzell One of the most-talked-about...
3D printing: The shape of things to come
CONFERENCE COVERAGE: Orthotics Technology Forum 2013 By Emily Delzell The Orthotics Technology...
Lean manufacturing transforms orthotic fabrication
CONFERENCE COVERAGE: Orthotics Technology Forum 2013 By Emily Delzell The need to replace...
A Message From the Publisher
Welcome to Lower Extremity Review or LER as we call it. This long awaited magazine fills the lower extremity information gap for practitioners in the fields of Podiatry, Physical Therapy, O&P Pedorthics, and Orthopedics. With over 20 years experience in multi-disciplinary editorial development and publishing, the collaboration of this incredible team has made this publication possible
Rich Dubin
Publisher and Chief Executive Officer
Featured Products
Lower Extremity Review
ACTIVATOR Walking Poles
The evidence-based ACTIVATOR® Poles were designed by an occupational therapist and gerontologist specifically for rehabilitation and long-term conditions. This unique patented design enhances strengthening, stability, and off-loading with the user’s safety in mind....
New Click Reel
Click Medical, manufacturer of kits that adjust the fit and volume in custom orthotic and prosthetic (O&P) devices, announced that the NEW Click® Reel is now available and part of Click Medical RevoFit®, RevoLock®, and RevoSurface® Kits. The new device is stronger...
Book Explores Value of Aqua Yoga
Water Yoga: A Teacher’s Guide to Improving Movement, Health, and Wellbeing shows aquatic physical therapists (PTs) and occupational therapists (OTs) how aqua yoga can contribute to their work and provides another tool in their professional toolbox. By using the tools...
Pediatric ACL Implant
Arthrex’s ACL TightRope implant is a U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)–cleared device for pediatric indications. It is used in the surgical treatment of orthopedic injuries. The company developed all-epiphyseal and transphyseal techniques and instrumentation for...
Sock Line Features Proprietary Matrix for Support
Hurdle Apparel recently launched a tech-infused, athleisure sock line that features precision engineering and patented MicroGravity Matrix—a soft, multi-dimensional support network that offloads weight away from vulnerable areas of the foot and provides support and...
Targeted Review Tool for Podiatrists
Online marketer Podiatry Content Connection announces a Targeted Review Tool® to assist podiatrists in growing their practices by quickly reaching patients by text to ask for feedback. Using this new app, podiatrists can text patients they’ve just seen to ask them to...
AI Ultrasound App for Musculoskeletal Imaging
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration–cleared MSK AI ultrasound application for musculoskeletal imaging automatically identifies, highlights, and measures tendon structures in the foot, ankle, and knee, accelerating ultrasound mastery for new users and hastening...
Orthopedic Products with CELLIANT Infrared Technology
Medline, together with materials science innovator Hologenix®, launched a new line of CURAD® Performance Series® orthopedic products powered by CELLIANT® infrared technology, a proprietary blend of natural minerals that allows textiles to convert body heat into...
Compression Knee Sleeve
Through patented technology, Copper Fit Ice infuses micro-encapsulated menthol into the knee fabric of its Ice Compression Knee Sleeve, which is then released by the wearer’s movements. The strong, circular-knit compression sleeve is designed to help temporarily...
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