Lower Extremity Review
Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is associated with decreased muscle strength and physical activity level, as measured by steps per day and reduced gait speed. Studies suggest that motor and sensory deficits and reduced foot-ankle range of motion…
By Renan L. Monteiro, Jane S. S. P. Ferreira, Érica Q. Silva, Ronaldo H. Cruvinel-Júnior, Jady L. Veríssimo, Sicco A. Bus, and Isabel C. N. Sacco
Plantar heel pain (PHP) is common and can have a negative impact on physical and mental health. Despite this prevalence, existing guidelines lack clear, high-quality recommendations for treating people with this condition.
By Dylan Morrissey, Matthew Cotchett, Ahmed Said J’Bari, Trevor Prior, Ian B Griffiths, Michael Skovdal Rathleff, Halime Gulle, Bill Vicenzino, Christian J Barton
As the world moves into yet another phase of the COVID-19 pandemic, Australian sports experts in public health, cardiology, sports medicine, pediatrics, and sports training issued revised guidance for returning to sport after infection. They noted that the 2022 Omicron variant of SARs-CoV-2 (the virus that causes COVID-19) continues to evolve in clever ways, making evidence-based guidance difficult.
Osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee is a progressive disease caused by a breakdown of joint cartilage and ultimately, the underlying bone. The cartilage of a joint can become thin, cracked, and frayed, allowing the bones of the knee to rub together, which can lead to pain, inflammation, and stiffness.
By Keith Loria and Janice T. Radak
The American Academy of Neurology (AAN) has updated its guideline on oral and topical treatments for painful diabetic neuropathy (PDN). The revised guideline, which was published in the journal Neurology and updates the 2011 AAN guideline, has been endorsed by the American Association of Neuromuscular & Electrodiagnostic Medicine.
The development of foot orthotics—both their prescription designs and their manufacturing processes—is continuously evolving as new materials and new manufacturing technologies arise to meet the changing demands of today’s medical and sport performance needs.
By Keith Loria
Collagen is the most abundant protein in the human body. It acts as a support structure, giving the skin strength and elasticity. Collagen also plays an essential role in wound healing. During the proliferative phase, fibroblasts migrate into wounded tissues and lay down new…
By Windy Cole, DPM, CWSP
Obesity is among today’s most pressing public health concerns and it’s negative impact on the human body—particularly in light of SARS-COV-2 infection, can be devastating. Once gained, losing weight can be difficult, but maintaining weight loss is even more difficult. This author provides evidence-based tips for maintaining lost pounds that you can share with patients and clients.
By Jason R. Karp, PhD
Some have worried that foot orthoses that shift plantar load may alter the mechanical work of internal structures and change the size of muscle and connective tissues, and actually make them smaller. These authors challenge that notion.
By Joanna Reeves, Richard Jones, Anmin Liu, Leah Bent, Ana Martinez-Santos, and Christopher Nester
It has been customary practice for medical terms to be named after a person—familiar eponymous terms serve as shorthand during communication with colleagues. Specifically, as it relates to tendon–related disorders, several of these disorders can be distinguished and for each pathology different definitions and…
By Kim T. M. Opdam, Ruben Zwiers, Johannes I. Wiegerinck, C. Niek van Dijk, and Ankle Platform Study Collaborative – Science of Variation Group
A crucial component of wound management is regular debridement. The goal of debridement is the removal of all necrotic, fibrous, and devitalized tissue from the wound bed. Devitalized tissue in wounds produces a physical barrier to formation of new tissue and therefore decreases healing rates. If devitalized tissue remains in the wound bed, bacterial colonization is more likely.
By Windy Cole, DPM, CWSP
Bisphosphonates are currently one of the most commonly prescribed medications to prevent osteoporotic fractures. Bisphosphonates are frequently used as first-line agents for postmenopausal osteoporosis. Alendronate was first synthesized in the 1970s, and by 2006 about…
By Jonathon Spanyer, Lauren A. Barber, Harrison Lands, Alexander Brown, Mary Bouxsein, Marilyn Heng, and Madhusudhan Yakkanti
There are millions of pet dogs in the United States (US), and thousands of people are treated at US hospital emergency departments (EDs) each year for dog leash-related injuries. The objective of this study was to describe dog leash-related injuries of the lower extremity treated at US hospital EDs.
By Mathias B. Forrester, BS
Millions of Americans are afflicted with painful, open, draining ulcers on their lower extremities. Venous leg ulcers (VLUs) cause significant clinical and economic burden to the healthcare system and society.1,2 It is not uncommon for clinicians to see patients who have suffered for years with VLUs.
By Windy Cole, DPM, CWSP
Protein plays a critical role in wound healing by supplying nitrogen and amino acids, which are needed to build new tissue. Nutritional interventions for wound healing often include a recommendation to increase the amount of protein consumed…
By Nancy Collins, PhD, RDN, LD, NWCC, FAND
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