LER Cover Story:
lerEXPO Highlights: Fibular Nails–Fad or New Standard?
This article synthesizes the key findings, surgical techniques, and clinical insights from a lerEXPO’s 2025 Gait Keepers Journal Club regarding the use of intramedullary fibular nails for distal fibula fractures. The primary focus is on a retrospective multi-center study published in the Journal of Foot & Ankle Surgery (JFAS) in 2023, which represents the largest cohort of its kind to date.
By Brian Burgess, DPM with Brad Abicht, DPM, FACFAS and Jeff Dikis, DPM
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Feature Articles
lerEXPO Conversation: Microwave Therapy & Plantar Verrucae
We all know that several of the things we’ve been doing for years to treat plantar warts are just not that effective. It’s frustrating for the patients and it’s frustrating for us as clinicians. So we have to think outside the box. And that’s what got me interested in learning more about microwave therapy for this everyday condition that…
By Robert Conenello, DPM, FACFAS
Foot and Ankle Characteristics Associated with Fear of Falling, Mobility in Older People
It has been demonstrated that foot problems increase the risk of falls in older people. Fear of falling has been described as ongoing concern about falling that ultimately limits the performance of daily activities.
By Fateme Pol, Zahra Khajooei, Sayed Mohsen Hosseini, Alireza Taheri, Saeed Forghany, and Hylton B. Menz
Book Excerpt: Sources of Pain
The 3 aspects of pain – mechanical, inflammatory, and neuropathic – should be considered, tracked and discussed at every visit for patients on a rehabilitation pathway. In this book on mechanical treatments for various injuries and pain syndromes, a discussion into the 3 sources of pain is as crucial as an understanding of the 3 phases of…
By Richard Blake, DPM
Incorporating Green Podiatry
“The climate emergency is a multidisciplinary, multisectoral crisis that transcends professional and organizational barriers. Health professionals can help bring sharp focus to the urgent reforms required from individuals, organizations, and governments”.
By Angela Margaret Evans, AM*
Eccentric Exercise Effective in Treating Mid-Portion Achilles Tendinopathy
Achilles tendinopathy (AT) is one of the most frequent overuse injuries in athletes, yet there is still a gap in the evidence for the efficacy of any modality of treatment in high-quality studies.
By Diego Ailton Prudêncio, Nicola Maffulli, Filippo Migliorini, Thiago Teixeira Serafim, Luis Felipe Nunes, Luciana Sayuri Sanada, and Rodrigo Okubo
Social Media in Real Life: Milk crate-related lower extremity injuries treated at United States emergency departments
The highest proportion of milk crate-related lower extremity injuries involved the patient falling off a milk crate followed by being struck by a milk crate and tripping over a milk crate. The most common type of lower extremity injury was contusion or abrasion.
By Mathias B. Forrester, BS
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Lower Extremity Review
ShortTakes From the Literature
Obstructive Sleep Apnea, Osteoarthritis & BMI
This study, the first of its kind, aimed to explore the connection between...
Maternal Brain Hormone Strengthens Bones, Could Treat Osteoporosis, Bone Fractures
More than 200 million people around the world have osteoporosis, and women are...
New Study: MS Appears to Protect Against Alzheimer’s
People with multiple sclerosis (MS) are far less likely than those without the...
Gujarati Translation for Walking Impairment Questionnaire for PAD
The Walking Impairment Questionnaire (WIQ) is a common and easy-to-use...
Meta-Analysis of Romosozumab for Osteoporosis
Romosozumab, a humanized monoclonal antibody sclerostin inhibitor, was...
Death by Diabetes: An Epidemic of Amputations
Source: Barsky N. Death by diabetes: America’s preventable epidemic. The...
Recent Prior Corticosteroid Injections Increase Meniscus Repair Failure
Meniscal tears are common knee injuries with limited endogenous healing...
Patients with DPN Show Worsening Muscle Quality Over Time
Muscle volume loss may progress in parallel with muscle-associated adipose...
A Foot Forward for Optimum Health
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Industry News & Updates
Solution Offers Hope for Treating Intertrochanteric Femur Fractures in the Elderly
A research team from various universities and health institutes in China have...
New Shoe Technology May Mitigate DFUs
Researchers have developed a new shoe insole technology that helps reduce the...
Electric Bandage Holds Promise for Treating Chronic Wounds
Researchers at North Carolina State University (NC State) and Columbia...
Noninvasive Continual Blood Pressure Testing Device
A multidisciplinary team of California Institute of Technology (Caltech)...
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INSOLE MODELING: Computer analysis facilitates foot orthosis development
By Jordana Bieze Foster Computer modeling is facilitating advances in insole development for...
Sports injury prevention experts revisit risk factors and advocate for adherence
Despite strides, gaps between lab and practice remain It’s an exciting time for clinicians...
Online counseling helps reduce injuries in highly specialized youth athletes
Early single-sport specialization in youth athletes is associated with increased risk of reinjury...
Proximal and distal factors may affect 5th met fracture risk in soccer players
Clinicians looking to prevent fifth metatarsal fractures (Jones fractures) in soccer players may...
By itself, zero drop in a running shoe does not translate to barefoot-like gait
A zero drop is not enough to notably alter the biomechanics of running in a cushioned shoe but may...
A Message From the Publisher
Welcome to Lower Extremity Review or LER as we call it. This long awaited magazine fills the lower extremity information gap for practitioners in the fields of Podiatry, Physical Therapy, O&P Pedorthics, and Orthopedics. With over 20 years experience in multi-disciplinary editorial development and publishing, the collaboration of this incredible team has made this publication possible
Rich Dubin
Publisher and Chief Executive Officer
Featured Products
Lower Extremity Review
Massage Gun
The Compex® Fixx™ 2.0 Massager helps warm up muscles before a workout and relieve stiffness after a hard session. Five powerful intensity settings, paired with a high-stall force, impacts the muscle groups with targeted percussive massage therapy that will give the...
Rehabilitation, Athletic Training, Performance–enhancing Platform
TRAZER XP is a multi-patented technology designed for rehabilitation, athletic training, and enhancing human performance. With applications across healthcare, senior care, rehabilitation, sports medicine, and sports performance, TRAZER empowers professionals with...
Hydrating Anti-Embolism Stockings, Socks, Sleeves
Skineez has launched Hydrating T.E.D. (thrombo-embolic deterrent) Anti-Embolism stockings and compression socks and sleeves. These US Food & Drug Administration–approved compression products are clinically proven to help to prevent deep vein thrombosis, edema, and...
Compression Knee Brace with Side Straps
Fuelmefoot’s Compression Knee Brace with Side Straps is intended for people who have meniscus tears, arthritis, and ACL injuries, or who are in need of joint pain relief or sports injury recovery. The brace is widely used in many sports such as weightlifting,...
Compact In-shoe Foot Function, Gait Analysis System
F-Scan™ GO, a light weight, compact, new generation technology, allows clinicians and researchers to conduct quick and natural in-shoe gait analysis while the user has complete freedom of movement. Information obtained from the device is used in real-world...
Moore Balance Brace Signature Edition
In partnership with Dr. Jonathan Moore, podiatric physician and creator of the Moore Balance Brace, Orthotica Labs is excited to present the Moore Balance Brace (MBB) Signature Edition, a significant upgrade to the original Moore Balance Brace. Orthotica Labs is the...
Modular Prosthetic Socket
Ottobock’s innovative Varos modular socket structure is easier and faster fitting than with standard sockets. The socket can be custom made to the patient model or direct with patient with easy length adjustment by modifying socket shell and side rails. It is...
Kinesiology Tape
KT Tape PRO Oxygen™ is said to be the first kinesiology tape to feature CELLIANT® Infrared Technology from Hologenix. KT Tape PRO Oxygen is designed to increase cellular oxygenation and promote muscle support during physical activity. The CELLIANT fine mineral powder...
Lower Limb Compression Sleeves
CEP Compression has announced its new line of orthopedic products including the Knee Sleeve, Ankle Sleeve, Achilles Sleeve, and Plantar Sleeve. These new products will benefit joints, muscles, and tendons with added support and security. They are available in LIGHT,...
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