LER Cover Story:
Snake Bites to the Lower Extremity Reported to U.S. Emergency Departments
Background: Thousands of snake bites occur in the U.S. each year. Venomous snake bites can produce serious adverse effects, and even bites from nonvenomous snakes may cause adverse effects. Snake bites are often treated at hospital emergency departments (EDs). The objective of this study was to describe snake bites to the lower extremity treated at US hospital EDs.
By Mathias B. Forrester, BS
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Feature Articles
Balance and Strength Exercises Can Help Reduce Falls in Older Adults
Fall prevention is of importance for maintaining independency of daily living, well-being, and quality of life in older adults and given demographic trends, an urgent economic challenge for the healthcare system. Falls are a serious health concern and a major cause of…
By Tim Wiedenmann, Steffen Held, Ludwig Rappelt, Martin Grauduszus, Sofie Spickermann, and Lars Donath
A Step Short: Why We Need More Research on Prefabricated Carbon Composite Ankle-Foot-Orthoses
Many patients with gait abnormalities utilize lower limb orthoses to provide support, correction, and enhance function of the lower extremity. A variety of design options from joint level(s) to material selection are available and must be…
By Lindi Mitsou, MSPO, CPO; Nicholas Carr, BS; Jordan Dunn, BS; Jayne Kernodle, BS; Yelizaveta Kozlov, BS; Jillian Picard-Busky, ATC, LAT; Abigail Riley, BS; and Alex Wright, BS, NREMT
Young Children’s Footwear: Taxonomy
Footwear is a global business, with small and large companies co-existing, often purporting design differences or mechanical properties as their ‘edge’ within a competitive market. There is little consistency between commercial grade footwear brands for…
By Cylie M. Williams, Stewart C. Morrison, Kade Paterson, Katherine Gobbi, Sam Burton, Matthew Hill, Emma Harber, and Helen Banwell
Book Excerpt: Treating Injury Involves Gathering the History + Patient’s Perspective
There are so many types of injuries, but we have to start putting together a good picture of what happened and can it be prevented in the future. You can actually have a positive impact on all the different types of injuries, at least in the rehabilitation, by knowing the most you can.
By Richard Blake, DPM
Tackling Hypermobility and a Lack of Core Strength To Reduce Youth Sports Injuries
Growing up playing sports, I would hear coaches call some kids “injury prone.” Now that I have my doctorate in physical therapy and work as a youth sports physical therapist, I have a different perspective on what it means to be “injury prone.” It is not just a coincidence, nor are the forces of the universe conspiring to end a child’s potential…
By Jay Blumberg, PT, DPT
Pediatric Cutaneous Warts and Verrucae: An Update
Plantar warts have plagued humans for thousands of years, but newer therapies, including immunotherapy and microwave treatments, offer promise in improving therapeutic outcomes for these frustrating challenges. Warts and verrucae are benign growths occurring in the skin and mucous membranes due to infection with various strains of the Human Papilloma Virus (HPV).
By Ivan Bristow, PhD, FFPM, RCPS (Glasg)
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Lower Extremity Review
ShortTakes From the Literature
Ultrasound Imaging of the Quadriceps Femoris in KOA
Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is a common disease in elderly adults. While...
Changes in Foot Biomechanics during Pregnancy
…The current review sought to analyze the evidence for changes in foot...
Burden of Infected Diabetic Foot Ulcers
Diabetic foot is a common complication of diabetes that affects quality and...
Aging Baby Boomers & Ankle Fractures
Ankle fractures are common among healthy adults, but even moreso among elderly...
Understanding the Benefits and Limitations of Orthotic Use in CMT and CP
Noting a lack of evidence-based guidance on mobility challenges in individuals...
LinkedIn Post of the Month
Assessing lower limb perfusion in diabetic foot ulcer: AWPI vs ABPI
The presence of peripheral artery disease (PAD) in patients with diabetic foot...
The Impact of Eccentric Preload on Muscle Performance
Source: Goecking T, Holzer D, Hahn D, Siebert T, Seiberl W. Unlocking the...
A Foot Forward for Optimum Health
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Industry News & Updates
Synthetic Plugs Offer Alternative to Total Knee Replacements
Osteochondral defects (OCDs) can cause damage to cartilage and underlying...
Flexible Skin Sensor Detects Biomarkers, Offers Hope for Noninvasive Disease Monitoring
Researchers from the National University of Singapore (NUS) and the Agency for...
Smart Bandage Can Detect How a Wound is Healing
Researchers at Stanford University report that they have developed a wireless...
Dancing Molecules Heal Cartilage Damage
In November 2021, Northwestern University researchers introduced an injectable...
INSOLE MODELING: Computer analysis facilitates foot orthosis development
By Jordana Bieze Foster Computer modeling is facilitating advances in insole development for...
Sports injury prevention experts revisit risk factors and advocate for adherence
Despite strides, gaps between lab and practice remain It’s an exciting time for clinicians...
Online counseling helps reduce injuries in highly specialized youth athletes
Early single-sport specialization in youth athletes is associated with increased risk of reinjury...
Proximal and distal factors may affect 5th met fracture risk in soccer players
Clinicians looking to prevent fifth metatarsal fractures (Jones fractures) in soccer players may...
By itself, zero drop in a running shoe does not translate to barefoot-like gait
A zero drop is not enough to notably alter the biomechanics of running in a cushioned shoe but may...
A Message From the Publisher
Welcome to Lower Extremity Review or LER as we call it. This long awaited magazine fills the lower extremity information gap for practitioners in the fields of Podiatry, Physical Therapy, O&P Pedorthics, and Orthopedics. With over 20 years experience in multi-disciplinary editorial development and publishing, the collaboration of this incredible team has made this publication possible
Rich Dubin
Publisher and Chief Executive Officer
Featured Products
Lower Extremity Review
New Porous Iteration of Anatomic Keeled Tibia
The Persona® OsseoTi® Keel Tibia for cementless knee replacement is the latest addition to the clinically proven Persona Knee System by Zimmer Biomet. This product features a new porous version of the Persona anatomic tibia with the company’s OsseoTi Porous Metal...
Cordless Self-pedaling Cycling Machine
PhysioPedal is a cordless, light weight, and portable self-pedaling cycling machine. Designed to support Assisted Cycle Therapy, the PhysioPedal helps the elderly, the injured, and those with limited voluntary movement improve their health outcomes and overall...
Foot Ice Wrap
Cool Relief has expanded its product range to include the Soft Gel Foot Ice Wrap for the treatment of pain, muscle inflammation, and swelling. The company’s proprietary gel pack design with Inner Ice Technology is engineered to stay colder for longer while still...
Fiberglass Unibody Prosthetic Foot
Building on the success of META® Shock X, WillowWood has launched the Fiberglass META® Shock X. META feet combine responsive energy return with balance, stability, and impact protection, and feature the industry’s first unibody platform, free of hardware for a minimal...
Ligament Reinforcement
Artelon’s US Food & Drug Administration 510(k)–cleared FlexBand®, FlexPatch®, and FlexBand Plus® are designed for ligament repair surgery in addition to tendon repairs, with new clearance that has expanded the indications for these products to now include...
Massage Gun
The Compex® Fixx™ 2.0 Massager helps warm up muscles before a workout and relieve stiffness after a hard session. Five powerful intensity settings, paired with a high-stall force, impacts the muscle groups with targeted percussive massage therapy that will give the...
Rehabilitation, Athletic Training, Performance–enhancing Platform
TRAZER XP is a multi-patented technology designed for rehabilitation, athletic training, and enhancing human performance. With applications across healthcare, senior care, rehabilitation, sports medicine, and sports performance, TRAZER empowers professionals with...
Hydrating Anti-Embolism Stockings, Socks, Sleeves
Skineez has launched Hydrating T.E.D. (thrombo-embolic deterrent) Anti-Embolism stockings and compression socks and sleeves. These US Food & Drug Administration–approved compression products are clinically proven to help to prevent deep vein thrombosis, edema, and...
Compression Knee Brace with Side Straps
Fuelmefoot’s Compression Knee Brace with Side Straps is intended for people who have meniscus tears, arthritis, and ACL injuries, or who are in need of joint pain relief or sports injury recovery. The brace is widely used in many sports such as weightlifting,...

























