LER Cover Story:
Snake Bites to the Lower Extremity Reported to U.S. Emergency Departments
Background: Thousands of snake bites occur in the U.S. each year. Venomous snake bites can produce serious adverse effects, and even bites from nonvenomous snakes may cause adverse effects. Snake bites are often treated at hospital emergency departments (EDs). The objective of this study was to describe snake bites to the lower extremity treated at US hospital EDs.
By Mathias B. Forrester, BS
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Feature Articles
Effectiveness of Offloading Interventions for People With Diabetes-related Foot Ulcers
These authors searched PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane databases, and trials registries for all studies relating to offloading interventions in people with DFU to address 14 clinical question comparisons. Outcomes included ulcers healed, plantar pressure, weight-bearing activity, adherence, new lesions…
By P.A. Lazzarini, D.G. Armstrong, R.T. Crews, C. Gooday, G. Jarl, K. Kirketerp-Moller, V. Viswanathan, and S.A. Bus
Surgical Management of Chronic Achilles Tendon Rupture: Evidence‑based Guidelines
The Achilles tendon is the largest and strongest tendon in the human body, connecting the muscles of the gastrosoleus complex to the calcaneus. The Achilles tendon is important to maintain the standing posture, and during walking, running, and jumping.
By Shi-Ming Feng, Nicola Maffulli, Francesco Oliva, Amol Saxena, Yue-Feng Hao, Ying-Hui Hua, Hai-Lin Xu, Xu Tao, Wei Xu, Filippo Migliorini, and Chao Ma
Point of Care Diagnostic Ultrasound in the Evaluation of Patients with Patellar Tendinopathy
Point of care diagnostic ultrasound can be a useful tool for the evaluation, diagnosis, treatment, and risk identification of patellar tendinopathy. Measurements of the patellar tendon that may be useful include tendon thickness, stiffness, and biomarkers of tendon quality which can provide clinicians with a more …
By Sarah L. Woelfel, MA, LAT, ATC and Adam B. Rosen, PhD, ATC
Professional Bull Riding Is a Growing Sport
Move over pickleball! Professional bull riding is a growing sport across the United States and the world. Viewership of the events—topping 30 million at a time—increases weekly. The Professional Bull Riders (PBR, the leading association of riders) signed a 10-year broadcast deal in 2018 with CBS and another in 2023 with Spanish-language Univision.
Examining Effect of Tai Chi Lower Leg Exercise in Fall Prevention in Older Adults
Tai Chi is an evidence-based fall prevention training for older adults, yet its effective movements remain unclear. Practicing Tai Chi (TC)—exercise that consists of a series of slow movements performed in semi-squat positions with an emphasis on coordination of whole-body movement and mind—is an effective way to prevent falls in older adults.
By Min Mao, PhDc; Vicki S. Mercer, PT, PhD; Fuzhong Li, PhD; Michael T. Gross, PT, PhD, FAPTA; Troy Blackburn, PhD, ATC; and Bing Yu, PhD
Seeking the Optimal AFO Stiffness for Energy Cost Reduction
To maximize the AFO’s effect on walking energy cost reduction, the AFO’s bending stiffness needs to be individually optimized. The stiffness of a dorsal leaf ankle foot orthosis (AFO) that minimizes walking energy cost in people with plantarflexor weakness varies between individuals. Using predictive simulations, the authors of this article studied the…
By NFJ Waterval, MSC; MM van der Krogt, Dr; K Veerkamp, T Geijtenbeek, PhD; J Harlaar, Dr, IR; F Nollet, MD, PhD; and MA Brehm, PhD
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ShortTakes From the Literature
Foot Massage Improved Volume & Composition of Breast Milk
One of the important problems for mothers after the birth of a premature...
Weight-Loss Surgery Has Lasting Benefits in Teens
About 1 in 5 adolescents in the U.S. has obesity. Lifestyle changes, such as...
Study Details 3-Years of Injuries in University Women’s Soccer
Sport Sciences researchers from Waseda University in Japan sought understand...
Youth Sport-Related Knee Joint Injuries & Thigh Muscle Strength
Knee extensor and flexor muscle (ie, thigh) weaknesses are well-established...
Yoga Practice as a Potential Sarcopenia Prevention
Sarcopenia is characterized by the progressive loss of skeletal muscle mass...
MS Relapse Prevention: Baby Let the Sun Shine In
Getting at least 30 minutes of daily summer sun in the first year of life may...
Timing of Resistance Exercise and Cardiometabolic Health
In this secondary analysis, there was no difference between morning (AM) and...
Which Is Better…
1) Balance Training vs Hip Strengthening for CAI Reductions in balance...
A Foot Forward for Optimum Health
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Industry News & Updates
NMES Coupled with Resistance Training Leads to Greater Muscle Mass
Neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) uses electrical currents to...
Enovis Appoints New CEO
Enovis™ Corporation, Wilmington, Delaware, has appointed Damien McDonald as...
AAOS Announces Strategic Transition of Fracture & Trauma Registry
The American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons (AAOS) announced the strategic...
PFA Appoints New Executive Director
The Pedorthic Footcare Association (PFA) announced that its board’s executive...
Middle School Wrestling Injury Rate Higher Than Previous Reports
Another study from the ACHIEVES project reported at the National Athletic Trainers’ Associations’...
Hematoma Algorithm May Improve Outcomes
Researchers at the Kent State University College of Podiatric Medicine observed a specific subset...
Measuring Topical Oxygen Therapy Result with NIRS
Chronic wounds are defined as those not proceeding through the orderly phase of tissue repair with...
Gellable Fiber Dressing in Chronic Venous Leg Ulcers
This investigational product case series looked the use of gellable fiber dressing technology in...
Collegiate Twirlers Suffer High Rates of Lower Extremity Injuries
Baton twirling, which has been around in some form since military groups first twirled torches and...
A Message From the Publisher
Welcome to Lower Extremity Review or LER as we call it. This long awaited magazine fills the lower extremity information gap for practitioners in the fields of Podiatry, Physical Therapy, O&P Pedorthics, and Orthopedics. With over 20 years experience in multi-disciplinary editorial development and publishing, the collaboration of this incredible team has made this publication possible
Rich Dubin
Publisher and Chief Executive Officer
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Lumaflex Essential is a Class II US Food & Drug Administration–cleared red light therapy device designed for speedy 10-minute treatments. This portable, flexible device is not just for competitive athletes or fitness enthusiasts. Rather, it can help a wide range...
Interactive Therapy Solution for Outpatient Clinics, Home Health
LudoFit PRO is an interactive therapy exercise solution designed for clinicians working with patients in clinic and home settings. It can be downloaded onto Windows computers, Mac computers, or iPads, and no special equipment is needed. The app uses the device’s web...
Pediatric Bio-integrative Fixation Devices
OSSIOfiber® bio-integrative fixation technology has been cleared for use in orthopedic surgery for children and adolescents in standard clinical practice. The OSSIOfiber compression screw product family is indicated for maintenance of alignment and fixation of bone...
Golf Stability Insoles
The Golf Stability™ Insole by Spenco is the brand’s first golf-specific insole designed to stabilize feet during the golf swing, creating more consistent and accurate shots. The insoles feature a Cobra heel that maintains proper weight distribution and positioning for...
PRECISION® MIS Bunion System
Paragon 28’s PRECISION® MIS Bunion System was engineered to allow surgeons to complete a distal metatarsal osteotomy using a minimally invasive surgical (MIS) technique. The system features an outrigger designed for controlled triplanar correction including...
KT Ice Performance and Recovery Products
The KT Ice series features a range of products to support individuals during their fitness journey. KT TAPE PRO ICE kinesiology tape is engineered to provide flexible and lightweight support during exercise, and it delivers dual-action pain relief by combining the...
Maximum-Cushion, Wicking Socks
OS1st Wicked Comfort® performance socks provide maximum cushion while setting a new benchmark in moisture-wicking and durability. This line of socks debuts the brand’s Dry1st® technology, a groundbreaking moisture management treatment designed to swiftly wick away...
Self-Massage Roller Stick
Physix Sports Gear’s line of self-massaging roller sticks is designed to help athletes work out tightness, relieve soreness, and release and ease difficult knots, tight muscles, shin splints, and even plantar fasciitis. They target trigger points that include leg...
New Low Profile and Arch Support Insoles
Blumaka, a global innovator in performance insoles, expanded its product line to add Low Profile and Arch Support models of its popular Konnect and Comfort insoles. The expansion comes after months of extensive athlete testing. The Comfort line is designed with...


























