LER Cover Story:
Snake Bites to the Lower Extremity Reported to U.S. Emergency Departments
Background: Thousands of snake bites occur in the U.S. each year. Venomous snake bites can produce serious adverse effects, and even bites from nonvenomous snakes may cause adverse effects. Snake bites are often treated at hospital emergency departments (EDs). The objective of this study was to describe snake bites to the lower extremity treated at US hospital EDs.
By Mathias B. Forrester, BS
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Feature Articles
Retraining fixes faulty gait in injured runners
Although the technique is still in its infancy, early research suggests gait retraining can be used to address medial collapse, primarily in runners with patellofemoral pain (PFP) syndrome, and to reduce impact loading in runners with PFP or tibial stress fracture.
By Ashlin Miller, BS, and Richard W. Willy, PhD, PT, OCS
Rockers and rollovers: Implications for AFOs
Practitioners and researchers are redefining rocking and rolling as key components of gait, and designing ankle foot orthoses and other orthotic and prosthetic devices to specifically address impairments in the way certain patients rock and roll.
By Cary Groner
Soft tissue composition and bone injury risk
Documenting how shock propagates through the leg and is attenuated by the soft tissues appears to be a critical step toward advancing practitioners’ and researchers’ understanding of lower extremity injury mechanisms related to running and landing activities.
By Timothy A. Burkhart, PhD, EIT, Alison Schinkel-Ivy, MHK, and David M. Andrews, PhD
Relieving pain in patients with diabetic neuropathy
Given the limitations of pharmacotherapy options for treating painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy, practitioners are also considering the merits of cognitive therapy, orthotic management, and combination therapies to relieve patients’ pain.
By Larry Hand
Orthotic management of Charcot-Marie-Tooth
Ankle foot orthoses can help compensate for muscle weakness and accommodate related structural deformities in patients with Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, but practitioners are constantly looking for ways to improve suboptimal compliance rates.
By Cary Groner
Diabetes and altered gait: The role of neuropathy
Researchers have identified gait alterations in patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathy but also in diabetic patients with normal sensation, raising questions about the extent to which factors other than neuropathy might also be affecting gait.
By Cary Groner
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Industry News & Updates
DME MAC Issues Reminder about RT and LT Modifier Usage
CGS, the Durable Medical Equipment Medicare Administrative Contractor (DME...
CMS Issues DMEPOS Proposed Rule
The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) has released a proposed...
Robotic Cane Improves Stability in Walking
A team of researchers at Columbia (University) Engineering have added...
Adapttech Gears Up for US Launch
Biomedical startup Adapttech, Birmingham, England, announced that it has...
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A Message From the Publisher
Welcome to Lower Extremity Review or LER as we call it. This long awaited magazine fills the lower extremity information gap for practitioners in the fields of Podiatry, Physical Therapy, O&P Pedorthics, and Orthopedics. With over 20 years experience in multi-disciplinary editorial development and publishing, the collaboration of this incredible team has made this publication possible
Rich Dubin
Publisher and Chief Executive Officer
Featured Products
Lower Extremity Review
Cascade DAFO Creation Station
Cascade DAFO announces the launch of the Creation Station for decorating custom dynamic ankle foot orthoses (DAFOs). With this new online interactive tool, DAFO users can “try on” various transfer patterns, ribbon trims, and strap and padding colors. The Creation...
Anatomical Concepts Abby AFO
The Abby Articulating Ankle Foot Orthosis (AFO) from Anatomical Concepts is a multifunctional, posterior dual-jointed device for the early stages of rehabilitation. With a stable base of support and a new nonskid low-profile plantar surface, it is designed to...
Pro-Roller Soft Half
OPTP has added a new foam roller to its elite Pro-Roller line. The Pro-Roller Soft Half measures 36" in length and 3" in diameter. The roller’s unique shape is flat on one side and round on the other. Using the flat side down provides improved stability for balance...
Microfiber Shades Now in Heather
For people who need to wear graduated compression every day but want to add a pop of color to their wardrobe, Sigvaris North America is launching two fun new additions to the Microfiber Shades line of compression socks—navy heather and graphite heather socks. Both new...
FC2 Flexion Control Ankle Joint
Lower Extremity Technology has retooled the FC2 Flexion Control Ankle Joint to simplify fabrication. The multi-axis hinge offers 70° of full range of motion. The new design features an improved hinge axis for strength and durability, and updated casting for more...
Custom-milled Orthotic Flip-flops
Footmaxx now offers custom-milled orthotic flip-flops. The orthotic flip flops are hand-crafted from durable materials, including a slip-resistant rubber sole, to support and stabilize the feet and lower extremities. Women’s styles include Rio, with rhinestones...
Clima-Flex OA Knee Brace
DJO Global has launched the Clima-Flex OA Knee Brace from DonJoy. The Clima-Flex OA Knee Brace is designed to offer a new level of comfortable cooling relief through compression and offloading for patients with mild to moderate knee osteoarthritis (OA) pain....
Peg Assist Walker Insole
Darco International announces another addition to its popular Peg Assist Offloading Insole line of products, the new Peg Assist Walker Insole. The easy to use, off-the-shelf product quickly turns most standard walking boots into a more effective offloading device for...
OP-Tek Flex Materials
Curbell Plastics announces the availability of OP-Tek Flex materials—soft, flexible sheet materials designed to maximize patient comfort when used for prosthetic inner liners and orthotic inner boots. Curbell is the exclusive distributor for the OP-Tek Flex family of...


















