LER Cover Story:
Snake Bites to the Lower Extremity Reported to U.S. Emergency Departments
Background: Thousands of snake bites occur in the U.S. each year. Venomous snake bites can produce serious adverse effects, and even bites from nonvenomous snakes may cause adverse effects. Snake bites are often treated at hospital emergency departments (EDs). The objective of this study was to describe snake bites to the lower extremity treated at US hospital EDs.
By Mathias B. Forrester, BS
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Feature Articles
Managing hallux limitus and rigidus in athletes
The terms “hallux limitus” and “hallux rigidus” refer to a degenerative process of the great toe joint that was first described by Davies-Colley1 in 1887 and termed hallux flexus. Cotterill later coined the term hallux rigidus.2 The two terms represent a progression in…
By Howard Kashefsky, DPM, FACFAS
Achilles experts ponder effects of heel elevation
After an Australian study raised questions about the conventional practice of elevating the heel to decrease Achilles tendon load, researchers and clinicians have been revisiting what is known about the many factors—including pain—that can affect tendon load and function.
by Cary Groner
Influence of estrogen on the plantar fascia
Reported effects of estrogen on knee ligaments and the Achilles tendon raise questions about how the plantar fascia might be altered during the menstrual cycle and how those changes might affect injury risk.
By Jerrold Petrofsky, PhD, JD; and Haneul Lee, PT, DSc
The clinical implications of accelerated knee OA
Accelerated knee osteoarthritis (OA), defined by very rapid radiographic disease progression, is also associated with earlier and more severe symptoms than traditional OA. Identification of…
By Jeffrey B. Driban, PhD, ATC, CSCS
Emerging treatments for diabetic neuropathy
Strict glycemic control is the most reliable treatment for diabetic peripheral neuropathy, but expanding knowledge of central and peripheral nervous system processes may help identify therapeutic methods…
By Sarnarendra Miranpuri, DPM, MD; Kush Patel; Gurwattan Miranpuri, PhD; Abhishek Chopra; and Ravinderjit Singh
Plantar fasciitis: clinical concerns in cleated sports
Cleated sports are associated with a high incidence of lower extremity injuries. American football and soccer are particularly troublesome due to unique risk factors involving footwear design, loading patterns, and sport-specific biomechanics.
By Patricia Pande, MClScPT, CSCS, CPed
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Industry News & Updates
HYPERSPECTRAL IMAGING USED TO REVEAL DIABETIC SKIN COMPLICATIONS
A multidisciplinary research team has introduced a diagnostic approach capable...
SELECTFLEX PILOT AT COCA-COLA PLANTS SEES PROMISING RESULTS
US-based companies are paying attention to the ergonomics of everyday tasks....
ENGINEERS CREATE THREAD SENSORS THAT SENSE HOW, WHEN YOU MOVE
Engineers at Tufts University have created and demonstrated flexible...
POWERED PROSTHETIC ANKLES CAN RESTORE A WIDE RANGE OF FUNCTIONS FOR AMPUTEES
Researchers from North Carolina State University (NC State) and the University...
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A Message From the Publisher
Welcome to Lower Extremity Review or LER as we call it. This long awaited magazine fills the lower extremity information gap for practitioners in the fields of Podiatry, Physical Therapy, O&P Pedorthics, and Orthopedics. With over 20 years experience in multi-disciplinary editorial development and publishing, the collaboration of this incredible team has made this publication possible
Rich Dubin
Publisher and Chief Executive Officer
Featured Products
Lower Extremity Review
Breakthrough HV3 Bunion Bracing Sleeve
OS1st Base Layer Bracing announces its breakthrough bracing sleeves for Bunions. Shown here is the HV3 Bunion Bracing Sleeve for Hallux Valgus pain and re-alignment. This Patent Pending bunion splint design is truly a breakthrough. HV3 offers patients a comfortable...
A Major Breakthrough In Heel Pain Relief
We've got the solution to your heel pain issues after countless hours of research and development. The Heel Defender heel orthotic has been predicted to become the premier option for relieving heel pain in adults and children. Unlike other heel orthotics which are not...
Hatchbacks Orthopedic Shoes Introduces Larger Sizes
Hatchbacks Footwear offers children and young adult orthopedic approved shoes that look great, are extra wide, and fit easily over AFO braces. No need to buy expensive customized shoes or spend hours at the mall trying to find extra wide shoes. Hatchbacks is now...
Össur Formfit Pro 3D Compressive Knit Solutions
Össur has introduced the new Össur Formfit Pro line of 3D compressive knit solutions, designed for people suffering from different musculoskeletal conditions or ailments, yet remain passionate about staying active. Össur‘s Formfit Pro range includes the Formfit Pro...
Data-Gathering Performance Treadmills
Mobius, AMTI’s new line of performance treadmills, comes in two models: one fixed-tilt and one inclinable, capable of a 25% gradient. Both models have two independent 8800N-capacity force platforms, and a frame engineered to achieve the highest possible natural...
Sock Aid
Advanced S.A. International Ltd. now offers the new Sock Aid for easy donning and doffing of socks for people who have difficulty bending or other mobility issues. The cordless unit requires easy one-handed operation and is compact for traveling. For donning, the sock...
Socks with Purpose
ING Source, Inc. of North Carolina is best known for its proprietary application of compression therapy into orthopedic and sports bracing, Compression Zone Technology (CZT). Under its brand OS1st Base Layer Bracing, ING Source, Inc. has announced a new range of...
ShearBan Low Friction Patches: New Bulk and Retail Options
ShearBan is an ultra-thin, self-adhesive, low-friction patch designed to address friction and shear forces that contribute to blisters, corns, calluses, and diabetic foot ulcers. The patches are applied directly to braces, prosthetic sockets, and footwear where a...
Why You Hurt System
The Why You Hurt: Therapeutic Neuroscience Education System by Adriaan Louw, PT, PhD, CSMT, is a tool that clinicians can use to teach their patients what pain is and how it works. Available from OPTP, the system uses illustrated flashcards, discussion topics,...

















