LER Cover Story:
Snake Bites to the Lower Extremity Reported to U.S. Emergency Departments
Background: Thousands of snake bites occur in the U.S. each year. Venomous snake bites can produce serious adverse effects, and even bites from nonvenomous snakes may cause adverse effects. Snake bites are often treated at hospital emergency departments (EDs). The objective of this study was to describe snake bites to the lower extremity treated at US hospital EDs.
By Mathias B. Forrester, BS
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Feature Articles
Concussion assessment: Neuromuscular concerns
Balance testing is already recommended for concussion assessment in athletes, but research suggests the connections between concussion and neuromuscular variables are even more complex, and the opportunities for intervention more numerous.
By Brent Harper, PT, DPT, DSc, OCS, FAAOMPT
Artificial surfaces evolve, but safety debate persists
Artificial turf technology has advanced significantly, and some research suggests newer surfaces are as safe as grass, if not safer. But in other reports, including a high-profile NFL study, turf has been associated with higher rates of lower extremity injury.
By P.K. Daniel
Microfracture surprises tarnish the experience
US orthopedic surgeons perform more than 25,000 microfractures annually, making the procedure the most common marrow-stimulating technique used for repair of the cartilage defects that often affect active individuals.1 Although microfracture is a single-stage, low-cost intervention that requires only surgical time and common surgical tools, it requires…
By Emily Delzell
Orthosis use in children with Down syndrome
The literature on preschool-aged and older children with Down syndrome tends to be consistent with conventional understanding of orthotic principles, but in very young children clinical decision-making about orthoses must also encompass neuromotor implications.
By Julia Looper, PT, PhD
Diabetic ankle fractures: Surgical considerations
Pittsburgh researchers found that patients with diabetes have higher complication rates than nondiabetic patients following open surgical management of ankle fractures, but also that the rate of major complications in the diabetic patients was relatively low.
By Robert W. Mendicino, DPM, FACFAS; Alan R. Catanzariti, DPM, FACFAS; Brian Dix, DPM; and Phillip Richardson, DPM
Bone bruises and risk of knee osteoarthritis
Bone bruises are commonly associated with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tears, but researchers are only beginning to understand the potential clinical significance of these chondral lesions with regard to knee osteoarthritis (OA) and preventing ACL injury recurrence.
By Cary Groner
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A Message From the Publisher
Welcome to Lower Extremity Review or LER as we call it. This long awaited magazine fills the lower extremity information gap for practitioners in the fields of Podiatry, Physical Therapy, O&P Pedorthics, and Orthopedics. With over 20 years experience in multi-disciplinary editorial development and publishing, the collaboration of this incredible team has made this publication possible
Rich Dubin
Publisher and Chief Executive Officer
Featured Products
Lower Extremity Review
iTOM-CAT Scanning System
SOLO Laboratories is proud to release the iTOM-CAT, a new innovation in 3D scanning technology. Portability and ease of transport make this iPad-based scanner system a convenient option for clinicians who work out of multiple locations or who visit patients at home....
Diabetic A5513 Custom Insert
Allied OSI Labs adds the Diabetic A5513 Custom Insert to its growing catalog of foot and ankle products. The Diabetic A5513 Custom Insert is designed to help prevent foot wounds that can lead to amputation in patients with diabetes. The Diabetic A5513 Custom Insert is...
Turbomed FS3000 External AFO
Turbomed Orthotics offers the FS3000 external foot drop brace. The FS3000 brace is a custom-built modular AFO (ankle foot orthosis) made from highly durable thermoplastic. The device attaches to the outside of a patient’s footwear and is easily interchangeable between...
Earthwalk Sterling Collection Orthoses
The Sterling Collection from Earthwalk Orthotics combines alchemy and biomechanics, incorporating the healing properties of silver in the design to maximize performance. Every design feature was carefully selected for its unique contribution to the finished device....
DVS-Dynamic Vacuum System
Ottobock has released the DVS-Dynamic Vacuum, a socket technology solution for transtibial amputees. Integrating innovative design with simplicity, the DVS system reduces the movement between the limb and socket that is associated with limb volume fluctuations. The...
AF7 Ankle Bracing Sleeve
Sports medicine and performance brand OS1st has released the AF7 Ankle Bracing Sleeve. Like all the company’s technical bracing sleeves, the slip-on AF7 Ankle Bracing Sleeve features Compression Zone Technology for graduated medical-grade support. It also introduces...
Restiffic RLS Therapy
New from medi USA is Restiffic, a drug-free treatment for restless leg syndrome (RLS). Restiffic is a foot wrap that provides gentle, relaxing pressure on the abductor hallucis and flexor hallucis brevis muscles, which helps reduce uncontrollable impulses to move the...
Comfort Air Stabilizer Gauntlet
New from CyberKinetics is the Comfort Air Stabilizer Gauntlet, with special breathability features to maximize patient comfort and improve compliance without sacrificing support, control, or function. The defining characteristic of the Comfort Air Stabilizer Gauntlet...
Quadrastep Now In New Sizes
Nolaro24 proudly introduces two new sizes of its Quadrastep System custom-to-foot-type prefabricated foot orthosis line. The product line now fits up to men’s size 14 in C Quad orthoses for neutral feet and D Quad orthoses for moderate pes planus foot types. The...


















