LER Cover Story:
Snake Bites to the Lower Extremity Reported to U.S. Emergency Departments
Background: Thousands of snake bites occur in the U.S. each year. Venomous snake bites can produce serious adverse effects, and even bites from nonvenomous snakes may cause adverse effects. Snake bites are often treated at hospital emergency departments (EDs). The objective of this study was to describe snake bites to the lower extremity treated at US hospital EDs.
By Mathias B. Forrester, BS
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Feature Articles
Total hip arthroplasty: Obesity and outcomes
Total hip arthroplasty can significantly improve quality of life in obese patients, but high body mass index is also associated with higher rates of complications and readmissions than in normal-weight patients. The emerging subgroup of super-obese patients poses additional challenges.
By Raghav Rajgopal, MD, and James L. Howard, MD, MSc, FRCSC
Biofilms: Diabetic foot ulcer care gets personal
Opportunistic microorganisms called biofilms constitute an age-old diabetic wound care problem that defies traditional antimicrobial therapies. Experts believe interventions customized to individual patients based on molecular diagnostics may be the best line of defense.
By Larry Hand
Platelet-rich plasma: An option for tendinopathy
Patients with chronic refractory lower extremity tendinopathies often continue to have symptoms after exhausting most of their therapeutic options. Preliminary evidence supports the use of platelet-rich plasma in these patients, though higher-level research is needed.
By Ricardo E. Colberg, MD, and Kenneth Mautner, MD
Lower body mechanics bolster overhead throws
Lower extremity biomechanics can significantly affect the risk of upper extremity injury in overhead throwing athletes, such as baseball and softball pitchers and catchers, and the functional stability of the lumbopelvic-hip complex is essential to preventing those injuries.
By Gretchen D. Oliver, PhD, FACSM, ATC, LAT, Hillary Plummer, MAT, ATC, and Lisa Henning
PAD and reamputation in patients with diabetes
In patients who undergo a minor foot amputation following a diabetic foot ulcer, severe peripheral arterial disease is the primary risk factor for subsequent major amputation, which underscores the importance of early detection and intervention for PAD in this population.
By Vincent S. Nerone, DPM, Kevin D. Springer, DPM, Darren M. Woodruff, DPM, and Said A. Atway, DPM, AACFAS
Original research: Knee self-massage for OA pain
The medical literature supports the use of massage for relief of osteoarthritis symptoms, but therapist-administered treatments can be cost-prohibitive. This study found that self-massage can also be effective, even when the initial supervised sessions are continued by patients at home.
By Dorothea Atkins, ThD, RN, and David Eichler, PhD
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Industry News & Updates
Researchers Land Funding to Further Study Diabetic Ulcer Drug
Researchers at the University of Notre Dame recently received $4.6 million...
Stevens, Bonbouton Sign Exclusive Agreement to Further Develop Smart Insole
Stevens Institute of Technology (Stevens), Hoboken, NJ, has signed an...
Humans, Like Salamanders, Can Regrow Joint Cartilage
Cartilage in human joints can repair itself through a process like that used...
O&P Assistant Standards, Guidelines Approved
The Standards and Guidelines for the Accreditation of Education Programs in...
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A Message From the Publisher
Welcome to Lower Extremity Review or LER as we call it. This long awaited magazine fills the lower extremity information gap for practitioners in the fields of Podiatry, Physical Therapy, O&P Pedorthics, and Orthopedics. With over 20 years experience in multi-disciplinary editorial development and publishing, the collaboration of this incredible team has made this publication possible
Rich Dubin
Publisher and Chief Executive Officer
Featured Products
Lower Extremity Review
Tread Labs Stride Insoles
Tread Labs introduces Stride orthotic insoles. The two-part system features a molded polypropylene arch support and a replaceable topcover, which attaches to the arch support with low-profile Velcro to make replacement or modification fast and easy. Arch supports are...
ProTech Control Met Orthosis
Powerstep’s new ProTech Control Met orthosis offers the stability, support, and comfort of its ProTech Control Full Length, but has the added benefit of a built-in metatarsal pad. The Poron met pad helps to spread and cushion the metatarsal heads to reduce pain...
RevoFit Lanyard
Click Medical introduces the RevoFit Lanyard, a simple-to-use system that allows amputees to easily draw and lock their residual limb into a prosthetic socket. Unlike traditional lanyards, the RevoFit Lanyard can be used with suction and seal-in systems. The device is...
AF7 Ankle Bracing Sleeve
New from Allied OSI Labs is the AF7 Ankle Bracing Sleeve, a flexible two-in-one ankle brace for treating acute ankle sprains and Achilles tendinitis or peroneal tendinopathy. The AF7 combines elements of a compression sleeve and an ankle brace, designed to stabilize...
Customizable Tensitube Shrinker
Paceline introduces the new customizable Tensitube Blue Shrinker, an elastic postoperative residual limb shrinker that applies controlled compression to help provide pain relief and reduce hypertrophic scarring and edema in lower extremity amputees. Prosthetic...
Swede-O Ankle Foot Stabilizer
Swede-O announces the launch of the Ankle Foot Stabilizer (AFS), the newest addition to the MVT2 (Micro Ventilated Thermal) Technology line of products. The AFS includes medial and lateral stabilizers, an adjustable closure strap for greater support, and a nonslip...
Orfitrans Medium Soft
Orfit Industries introduces Orfitrans Medium Soft, made of a stronger thermoplastic material for optimal patient comfort. Orfitrans Medium Soft can be used for transtibial check sockets as well as for lower limb orthoses. The new version can be submitted to pressures...
Little Feet For Children
TRS has responded to requests from the O&P profession by introducing two new sizes (14 cm and 15 cm) of its Little Feet for infants and young children. Little Feet are functional, economical prosthetic feet in sizes now ranging in 1-cm increments from 10 cm to 15...
BiowaveHome Neurostimulation
Biowave prescription neurostimulation is now available in a system that can be used at home or while traveling. BiowaveHome delivers therapeutic high frequency electrical signals through the skin to the surface of nociceptive pain fibers, blocking the transmission...


















