LER Cover Story:
Snake Bites to the Lower Extremity Reported to U.S. Emergency Departments
Background: Thousands of snake bites occur in the U.S. each year. Venomous snake bites can produce serious adverse effects, and even bites from nonvenomous snakes may cause adverse effects. Snake bites are often treated at hospital emergency departments (EDs). The objective of this study was to describe snake bites to the lower extremity treated at US hospital EDs.
By Mathias B. Forrester, BS
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Feature Articles
The Y Balance Test: Assessing the evidence
The Y Balance Test (YBT) is a reliable tool and may be used to predict injury risk. However, clear cut-points have not been sufficiently defined, and more research investigating the mechanics and muscle activation strategies used during the YBT is needed.
By Craig A. Smith, DPT, and Meghan Warren, PT, MPH, PhD
Exercise in individuals with diabetic neuropathy
Patients with diabetes and peripheral neuropathy can benefit from participation in mild to moderate aerobic, resistance, and balance activities. But they must take precautions to ensure exercise is safe as well…
By Steven Morrison, PhD, and Sheri R. Colberg, PhD
The role of hip mobility in patellofemoral pain
Findings of an association between hip mobility and patellofemoral pain suggest practitioners may be putting the cart before the horse by implementing strength programs in individuals with PFP without first measuring and addressing deficits in hip extension.
By Sean Roach, PhD, DPT, ATC
Onychomycosis remains a major clinical challenge
Despite the ongoing development of new treatments, onychomycosis is still an extremely recalcitrant disease with high rates of relapse and reinfection, and the associated physical and cosmetic implications can negatively affect patients’ quality of life and self esteem.
By Greg Gargiulo
Impact of AFO design on calf circumference
Preliminary research suggests the use of a kinetic return ankle foot orthosis is associated with small but significant short-term increases in calf circumference, which in turn suggests this type of device might reduce or protect against the risk of disuse muscle atrophy.
By Robert H. Meier, CO, BOCO; David C. Ruthsatz, CO, CPA; and Daniel Cipriani, PT, PhD
Clinicians weigh the pros and cons of social media
There is considerable debate in medical circles as to whether healthcare practitioners should embrace social media, but online aficionados say they welcome the opportunity to exchange information, educate, connect, and potentially attract more patients.
By P.K. Daniel
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Industry News & Updates
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A Message From the Publisher
Welcome to Lower Extremity Review or LER as we call it. This long awaited magazine fills the lower extremity information gap for practitioners in the fields of Podiatry, Physical Therapy, O&P Pedorthics, and Orthopedics. With over 20 years experience in multi-disciplinary editorial development and publishing, the collaboration of this incredible team has made this publication possible
Rich Dubin
Publisher and Chief Executive Officer
Featured Products
Lower Extremity Review
MediCordz Lower Body Kit
Responding to customer requests, NZ Manufacturing now offers the MediCordz Core Stabilization Lower Body kit. Designed in conjunction with therapists from multiple disciplines, the Lower Body kit provides a system for individual balance, stabilization, and control of...
Instavit Vitamin D Spray
Instavit now offers supplemental vitamin D in a spray delivery system to help improve lower extremity bone health in patients who have difficulty taking supplements in pill form. Referred to informally by the company as the “Sunshine Supplement,” the spray delivers...
BRD Sport G18 Knee Brace
The new BRD Sport G18 Knee Brace, with anatomically contoured 3D knit construction, now is even more comfortable and easier to apply. The knee sleeve is intended to aid recovery and reduce pain and swelling in athletes with knee strain, instability, inflammation,...
Pro-Select Ankle Brace
New from Elite Orthopaedics is the Pro-Select Lace Up Ankle Brace. The brace is intended for patients with chronic weak ankles, post ankle trauma, postop ankle recovery, prophylactic ankle protection, and ankle support. A bungee closure provides compression and allows...
Performance Protein Powder
Designer Protein’s Essential 10 Performance Protein supplement provides nutrients to aid postworkout recovery, alleviate muscle aches, and replenish electrolytes. The powder-based formula is packed with 25 g of protein (from peas, brown rice, and spirulina) and only...
Sigvaris Accutab Compression Wraps
Sigvaris now offers three inelastic compression wraps, all featuring an Accutab system that allows clinicians to prescribe a compression level for their patients and allows patients to easily set the correct initial compression level when they put the garment on. The...
Copper Cloud Diabetic Socks
Apex now offers the new Copper Cloud Heavenly Diabetic Socks, designed to provide “heavenly” comfort while helping to reduce the risk of foot ulcers. The socks feature copper yarn, known for its antibacterial, antifungal, and antiodor properties. They also are...
DryPro Probiotic Cast Relief Spray
DryPro, a division of DryCorp, introduces Cast Relief Probiotic spray. The new Cast Relief formula is engineered to allow users of all ages to remain itch and odor free while wearing a lower extremity cast. Probiotic Cast Relief is designed to be safe, natural,...
Convertible TPD AFO
The new Convertible Mueller TPD AFO (tibialis posterior dysfunction ankle foot orthosis) is a detachable, dynamic AFO for staged treatment of TPD and related pathologies, including tendinopathy, desmopathy, and dysfunctional flatfoot. The company’s computer-assisted...

















