LER Cover Story:
Snake Bites to the Lower Extremity Reported to U.S. Emergency Departments
Background: Thousands of snake bites occur in the U.S. each year. Venomous snake bites can produce serious adverse effects, and even bites from nonvenomous snakes may cause adverse effects. Snake bites are often treated at hospital emergency departments (EDs). The objective of this study was to describe snake bites to the lower extremity treated at US hospital EDs.
By Mathias B. Forrester, BS
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Feature Articles
New healing factors take ulcer care to the next level
Support is growing, in the medical literature and in clinical practice, for the use of skin substitutes and other advanced biologic therapies in chronic diabetic foot ulcers. But researchers and practitioners remain uncertain as to which of these advanced products are best for…
By Hank Black
Lower extremity strength and injury risk in runners
Study findings regarding strengthening interventions in runners with patellofemoral pain syndrome have been inconsistent, perhaps because specific subgroups are more responsive than others. Preliminary research suggests high school runners may make up…
By Lace Luedke, PT, DPT, PhD, OCS, CSCS
Limb length discrepancy: When, how to intervene?
Limb length discrepancies (LLDs) as small as 1.5 cm can significantly affect gait, and some clinicians choose to intervene in cases of even smaller discrepancies. Many LLDs can be addressed orthotically, but surgical techniques are becoming less invasive and more effective.
By Cary Groner
Golf swing biomechanics: Footwear considerations
With the rise of a new crop of young stars and the anticipation of its Olympic debut this year, golf continues to be immensely popular for players and spectators alike. Golfing is a highly coordinated sport that, by its nature, is associated with risk of…
By Patricia Pande, MClScPT, CSCS, CPed
When knee OA research becomes legal testimony
In worker’s compensation cases, including those involving knee osteoarthritis, an expert witness often will be asked to use his or her knowledge of biomechanics to provide an opinion supporting or refuting a causal relationship between work conditions and an overuse injury.
By Steven T. McCaw, PhD
Stroke rehab: Strategies to improve gait velocity
Multiple techniques can help improve gait speed after stroke, from therapeutic exercise to task-specific training to orthotic devices. Despite a growing body of research in this area, however, it is still not clear which intervention is most appropriate for which patients.
By Hank Black
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Industry News & Updates
NATA Welcomes Kathy Dieringer as President
The National Athletic Trainers’ Association (NATA) welcomed Kathy Dieringer,...
Bioengineering Approach Shown to Regenerate Functional Muscle
Researchers from Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine and 2 South...
New Arize Custom Orthoses to Help Podiatrists Relieve Foot Pain for Millions
Arize Orthotic Solution enables podiatrists and orthotists to prescribe custom...
OTTOBOCK APPOINTS NEW CEO/REGIONAL PRESIDENT
Ottobock, Duderstadt, Germany, has appointed Marc C. Lundeberg as the new CEO...
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A Message From the Publisher
Welcome to Lower Extremity Review or LER as we call it. This long awaited magazine fills the lower extremity information gap for practitioners in the fields of Podiatry, Physical Therapy, O&P Pedorthics, and Orthopedics. With over 20 years experience in multi-disciplinary editorial development and publishing, the collaboration of this incredible team has made this publication possible
Rich Dubin
Publisher and Chief Executive Officer
Featured Products
Lower Extremity Review
Swede-O Inner Lok 8 Ankle Brace
The Swede-O Inner Lok 8 ankle brace features a patented internal figure-eight strapping system, which assures proper strap placement and simulates professional taping. The top strap covers the laces and locks the figure-eight straps in position and offers a...
Cascade Dafo Fast Fit Bug
Cascade Dafo, Inc., creator of the original DAFO (Dynamic Ankle Foot Orthosis), has added the Fast Fit Bug to its line of prefabricated shoe inserts. This low-profile shoe insert is designed to control mild to moderate pronation. Partnered with a supportive shoe, the...
Smartroller Guide to Optimal Movement, Second Edition
Smartroller Guide to Optimal Movement, Second Addition, is available exclusively from OPTP. The guide can be purchased alone or as a package set with the Smartroller foam roller, a two-sided foam roller that helps promote balance, awareness, and core strength while...
Fracture Boot
Elite Orthopaedics, Inc., offers the Pro Select Walker Series fracture boot, which is available in Air and Non-Air configurations. The Pro Select is ultra-lightweight, registering 10-15% lighter than comparable fracture boots, and features an ultra-low heel height...
Össur Formfit Pro 3D Compressive Knit Solutions
Introducing Össur Formfit Pro, a new 3D compression knit line by Össur, designed for people who suffer from various musculoskeletal conditions or ailments yet strive to remain active. Össur‘s Formfit Pro range includes Formfit Pro Knee for compression and patella...
The Neuropathic Walker is your solution
The Neuropathic Walker is a more advanced and comfortable solution to the CROW Walker. The Neuropathic Walker is integrated with custom molded 3/16” solid polypropylene and 1/4” Aliplast lining with the same trim lines as a CROW Walker. We use high-quality leather...
Stop Morning Heel Pain with Medi-Dyne ProStretch NightSock
New on the market from Medi-Dyne is the ProStretch NightSock. The product is designed to help alleviate heel pain associated with plantar fasciitis, Achilles tendonitis, calf muscle cramps, and runners’ cramps. By keeping the foot in a slightly flexed position, the...
Data-Gathering Performance Treadmills
Mobius, AMTI’s new line of performance treadmills, comes in two models: one fixed-tilt and one inclinable, capable of a 25% gradient. Both models have two independent 8800N-capacity force platforms, and a frame engineered to achieve the highest possible natural...
Kinetic Research Flagship Ankle-Foot Orthosis
The Noodle is Kinetic Research’s flagship ankle-foot orthosis. This patented technology creates a quick and simple solution for drop foot. What makes this ultra-lightweight AFO special is its next generation of carbon fiber properties that allow it to maintain...


















