LER Cover Story:
lerEXPO Highlights: Fibular Nails–Fad or New Standard?
This article synthesizes the key findings, surgical techniques, and clinical insights from a lerEXPO’s 2025 Gait Keepers Journal Club regarding the use of intramedullary fibular nails for distal fibula fractures. The primary focus is on a retrospective multi-center study published in the Journal of Foot & Ankle Surgery (JFAS) in 2023, which represents the largest cohort of its kind to date.
By Brian Burgess, DPM with Brad Abicht, DPM, FACFAS and Jeff Dikis, DPM
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Feature Articles
Clinical Perspective On Sitting: How to Improve Sitting Posture of Individuals with Disabilities and Others
It is well understood that the feet are the foundation of the body when standing. But even in a seated position, the feet play a foundational role in the body’s support, balance, and posture. Think about what a chair does: Galen Cranz, PhD, an architect and Alexander Technique (a system of body-mind postural education) practitioner…
By Dalia Zwick, PT, PhD
The Future of Bike Fit (Part 2) – Interview of the Bike Fit Machine Manufacturers and Bike Fit Education Content Creators
In the September 2021 issue of Lower Extremity Review, Happy Freedman wrote an article titled “The Future of Bike Fit,” in which several bike fitters were asked their opinions about the future of bike fitting. But what about the opinions of the bike fitting machine manufacturers and the bike fitting educational course creators?
By Rick Schultz, DBA
Hamstring Strain Injury Rehabilitation–Part I*
Impaired performance and reinjury rates are high for this common injury. This narrative review discusses the causes and mechanisms of hamstring strain injury and current clinical concepts related to the rehabilitation process, with the aim of helping practitioners improve athletes’ outcomes.
By Jack T. Hickey, PhD, AEP; David A. Opar, PhD; Leigh J. Weiss, DPT, PT, ATC; and Bryan C. Heiderscheit, PhD, PT
Atypical Wounds: What Every Clinician Should Know
The prevalence of atypical wounds has not been studied extensively, but it has been estimated that 20% of all chronic wounds are due to unusual causes.1,2 The ability to identify and treat chronic wounds caused by uncommon etiologies is an important skill. Unfortunately, it can take years of clinical experience to master.
By Windy Cole, DPM, CWSP
Pharmacological Agent Appears Promising for Charcot–Marie–Tooth Type 1A
Charcot–Marie–Tooth (CMT) disease is a group of rare, hereditary, chronic, and debilitating diseases of the peripheral nerves that result first in weakening and atrophy of the foot and leg muscles as well as the hand and arm muscles, then in distal sensory loss and, in some patients…
By Shahram Attarian, Peter Young, Thomas H. Brannagan, and Colleagues
Introduction to Wound Research
Wound healing as a clinical specialty has evolved over the past 2 decades. The importance of wound care research in this emerging area of medicine cannot be overstated. Wound care research must continue to be conducted to facilitate the development of effective treatment protocols for…
By Windy Cole, DPM, CWSP
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ShortTakes From the Literature
Using Resistance Bands in Practice Appears to Improve Kick Performance
In a study out of Norway, researchers examined whether kicking with elastic...
Adding Plantar Flexion Resistance May Improve VLU Outcomes
Venous or stasis ulcers account for 80% of leg ulcers, affect 1% of the...
Study Shows Increased Risk of Falls in Knee OA
The 2017 Global Burden of Diseases Study ranked falls as the 18th leading...
Biological Test Detects Parkinson’s Disease Before Symptoms Present
Test can detect build-up of abnormal protein deposits linked to Parkinson’s...
Pediatric Arch Pain Linked to Talus-1/-2 Metatarsal Angles
Pain in the flexible flatfoot is a common complaint. When present, it is...
Effects of AFO on Static Balance in Foot Drop Patients
Ankle-foot-orthoses (AFOs) play a significant role in gait biomechanics, but...
Injuries Related to Sauna Bathing
Awareness of well-being and health issues have contributed to increased...
Relationship Between Vit D Level & Osteoporosis
To achieve bone health in general population, the Institute of Medicine (IOM)...
A Foot Forward for Optimum Health
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Industry News & Updates
Hanger Institute Publishes 2023/24 Annual Report
The Hanger Institute for Clinical Research and Education recently published...
Northwest Podiatric Laboratory Celebrates 60th Anniversary
Northwest Podiatric Laboratory (NWPL), Blaine, Washington, announced that it...
Cell Phone Video Technology Unveils New Method for Gait, Walking Analysis
Researchers at Kennedy Krieger Institute and Johns Hopkins University (JHU)...
Hanger Launches Subsidiary to Support O&P Entrepreneurs, Small Businesses
Hanger, Inc., Austin, TX, has launched Hanger Ventures, a subsidiary that will...
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A Message From the Publisher
Welcome to Lower Extremity Review or LER as we call it. This long awaited magazine fills the lower extremity information gap for practitioners in the fields of Podiatry, Physical Therapy, O&P Pedorthics, and Orthopedics. With over 20 years experience in multi-disciplinary editorial development and publishing, the collaboration of this incredible team has made this publication possible
Rich Dubin
Publisher and Chief Executive Officer
Featured Products
Lower Extremity Review
FM Sport Custom Orthotic
Forward Motion Medical has released its new FM Sport custom orthotic. This new device has been designed to boost performance and provide support needed by active patients. The FM Sport boasts high-grade materials such as PRX graphite shells and breathable, shock-...
FES Cycling Therapy
MYOLYN has received 510(k) clearance from the US Food and Drug Administration on a new, second version of its flagship product, the MyoCycle. With 4 new models, the MyoCycle brings functional electrical stimulation (FES) cycling therapy to at-home and clinical-setting...
Post-Operative Knee Brace Attachment
OrthoLift, a new, FDA-listed product, is designed to assist patients with post-operative knee brace alignment. The device is a handle attachment for the knee brace and is easy to use. It allows the patient to keep their knee brace in proper alignment while standing in...
Wearable Foot Support for Women
Stand Strong® wearable foot supports are designed to relieve pressure, improve alignment, and enhance balance for optimum comfort in any shoe. The flexible Stand Strong mimics the foot’s natural tissue and discreetly sticks to the soles of the feet encouraging proper...
OActive Align OA Knee Brace
VQ OrthoCare®, a provider of non-invasive, non-drug, medical solutions focused on bone, joint, and soft-tissue conditions, has introduced the OActive® Align™ Osteoarthritis Knee Brace. The brace offers clinicians an easy solution for custom fitting and aligning the...
Relief Pain Discomfort Lotion
Moore Relief Pain Discomfort lotion is a scientifically proven, fast-acting, effective therapy that helps relieve neuropathic skin discomfort. The product was developed by Milton Moore, MD, a dermatologist and pharmacist. In clinical research tests, patients applied...
Adapt Hike Max Insoles
Superfeet expanded its Adapt insole collection with its Adapt Hike Max Insoles designed for hiking. The insoles are equipped with the company’s patented Adaptive Comfort Technology™ to flex with the foot for comfort and provide efficient heel-to-toe turnover, adapting...
Meteor Mini Massage Ball
MyoStorm has introduced the Meteor Mini recovery product for soft tissue and joint pain. Just like the Meteor, only 50% smaller, this mini massage ball boasts 4 levels of vibration specifically designed to be therapeutic, a portable size and shape, and a heating...
Electronic Tuning Fork for Prediction of DFUs
The ETF128 (electronic tuning fork) is a point-of-care diagnostic instrument designed to improve the prediction of diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs), as validated by a key research study. The ETF128 transforms the most valuable features of the 128 Hz tuning fork into a...
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