LER Cover Story:
Snake Bites to the Lower Extremity Reported to U.S. Emergency Departments
Background: Thousands of snake bites occur in the U.S. each year. Venomous snake bites can produce serious adverse effects, and even bites from nonvenomous snakes may cause adverse effects. Snake bites are often treated at hospital emergency departments (EDs). The objective of this study was to describe snake bites to the lower extremity treated at US hospital EDs.
By Mathias B. Forrester, BS
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Feature Articles
Motor Point Heatmap of the Calf
Mapping muscle motor points in the calf could improve electrode placement for neuromuscular electrical stimulation and thereby enhance outcomes.
By Elias Schriwer, Robin Juthberg, Johanna Flodin, and Paul W. Ackermann
Thick Shells, Medially Wedged Posts Increase Foot Orthoses Medial Longitudinal Arch Stiffness
A better understanding of how the medial arch stiffness of foot orthoses can be modulated by changing structural factors is necessary to better customize them for patients.
By Ana Sofia Tavera Pelaez, Nader Farahpour, Ian B. Griffiths, and Gabriel Moisan
Plantar Pressure and Fall Risk in Older Individuals
Previous studies have confirmed that there is a difference in plantar pressure between falls and non-falls in elderly people, but the relationship between fall risk and foot pressure has not been studied.
By Yifeng Yan, Jianlin Ou, Hanxue Shi, Chenming Sun, Longbin Shen, Zhen Song, Lin Shu, and Zhuoming Chen
If You Want to Ride a Hoverboard, Train For It!
Hoverboard continues to be an increasingly popular ride option for all ages. But these rechargeable self-balancing scooters with electric motors and batteries require serious attention to safety. Designed for personal transportation, today’s hoverboards can reach speeds of 10 mph, with the average clocking in at 7 mph.
By Robert Weil, DPM
Requirements, Needs, Wishes of AFOs for Children with CP
Ankle-foot orthoses are extensively used as a primary management method to assist ambulation of children with cerebral palsy (CP). However, certain barriers hinder their prescription as well as their use as a mobility device in all kinds of daily-life activities.
By Cristina Bayón, Marleen van Hoorn, Antonio Barrientos, Eduardo Rocon, Joyce P. Trost, and Edwin H. F. van Asseldonk
The Struggle to Stay Physically Active with Persistent Plantar Fasciopathy
Plantar fasciopathy pain forces individuals to make adjustments in physical activity leading to reduced quality of life. Plantar fasciopathy (PF) is the most common cause of heel pain, and is associated with decreased physical activity level and quality of life. There has been limited research on the experiences of patients with PF.
By Marianne Mørk, Helene Lundgaard Soberg, Aasne Fenne Hoksrud, Marte Heide, and Karen Synne Groven
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ShortTakes From the Literature
Smartphone Usage Negatively Impacts Standing Postural Balance
Researchers from Arizona State University and Carnegie Mellon University have...
Does Occupation Footwear Influence Slip Response?
This study investigated how walking in occupational footwear (OF) affects slip...
Minimalist School Shoes Improve Intrinsic Foot Muscle Size, Strength, Arch Integrity
Minimalist walking shoes have been shown to improve foot muscle size and...
2MTIR vs PR for Achilles Tendon Rupture
Acute closed midsubstance Achilles tendon rupture (ACMATR) is common, with...
Curcumin Alleviates Osteoarthritis Through the P38MAPK Pathway
A recent report in the Journal of Inflammation Research found that curcumin...
Lateral Ankle Ligament Repair Lets Older Adults Remain Active
Researchers from Emory University School of Medicine recently reported that...
Reducing Prosthetic Stiffness Can Improve Running in Females with Leg Amputations
Similar to nonamputees, female athletes with unilateral transtibial amputation...
Broström-Gould Procedure: 5-Year Follow-Up
Ankle sprains are a common musculoskeletal injury among the general population...
A Foot Forward for Optimum Health
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Industry News & Updates
Engineered Cartilage from Septum Cells Helps Treat Knee Injuries
Researchers at Switzerland’s University of Basel and University Hospital Basel...
Swedish Research Team Develops Soft, Robotic Ankle Exoskeleton
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New Flexible Sensor Can Improve Compression Therapy
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When physicians debride a wound, such as a diabetic foot ulcer, they remove as...
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Gender Matters in Achieving Functional Performance
How many practice trials are needed to achieve functional performance in static and dynamic...
The Effects of TT, FRT, and KT on Joint Angles and YBT Performance
Chronic ankle instability (CAI) is a common issue in the athletic population. Although there are...
The Effect of CAI on Landing/Cutting Lower-Extremity Kinematics, EMG, and GRF
In the poster, Altered Movement Neuromechanics during Jump Landing and Cutting in Patients with...
Influence of TT, FRT, and KT on Joint Angles of Lower Extremity
Even though there have been numerous studies regarding prophylactic ankle taping, the way to...
A Message From the Publisher
Welcome to Lower Extremity Review or LER as we call it. This long awaited magazine fills the lower extremity information gap for practitioners in the fields of Podiatry, Physical Therapy, O&P Pedorthics, and Orthopedics. With over 20 years experience in multi-disciplinary editorial development and publishing, the collaboration of this incredible team has made this publication possible
Rich Dubin
Publisher and Chief Executive Officer
Featured Products
Lower Extremity Review
Compression Sleeves
COMPRESSPORT®’s R2 3.0 sleeves have an exclusive seamless design with multi-gradual compression. The fabric is quick-drying and the specially designed K-Protect band reduces impact. The new 3D weave activates the proprioceptors to improved balance and stability,...
Adaptive Ankle Brace
The BetterGuard ankle brace uses an intelligent mini-piston to provide stabilization and flexible compression to protect against common ankle injuries without restricting movement. Developed over 9 years by German engineers and designed for elite athletes, it delivers...
Book Outlines Signs, Symptoms to Prevent Diabetic Foot Complications
Paul Han, MS, DPM, DABFAS, DABPM, a renowned podiatrist and diabetes expert with over 30 years of experience, has published a book—”What’s the Foot Got to Do with My Diabetes?”—that offers an insightful and practical guide for managing diabetic foot complications,...
Equinus Brace
Thrive Orthopedics has added the Equinus BraceTM to its portfolio, for which it has been granted exclusive distribution, manufacturing, and patent rights, along with the exclusive lifetime license of all associated intellectual property, from IQ Med LLC, the product’s...
Aerodynamic Cycling Socks
DeFeet’s EVO Jet™ sock has undergone extensive wind tunnel testing and results have concluded that the product demonstrates market leading aerodynamics. Test results showed that at 38mph the Evo Jet saves a cyclist 24 watts over shaved, bare legs without socks. Bare...
Performance Shoes for Female Volleyball Athletes
The Avoli Low-Top Volleyball Shoe is designed specifically for the demands of women’s volleyball and the shape of the female foot. Key features include a higher instep and spread forefoot design to provide ample space for toes to splay and flex, and a thinner and...
XtremityTT Socket System
The XtremityTTTM Socket System is a thermoformable transtibial definitive socket that is easier, faster, and safer to custom fabricate than a traditional carbon fiber laminated socket. The foundation for the system is an injection-molded socket preform with a distal...
Air Cushioned Insoles the Wearer Controls
PopSoleTM is a versatile, stress-relieving insole composed of tightly packed bubbles in an anatomic position. The arch and metatarsal pad are multi-level and may be immediately customized to accommodate a lower arch by popping the overlying bubble. For localized foot...
Calf Compression Sleeves
Comrad’s calf compression sleeves were developed to provide relief by addressing shin splints, calf cramps, and fatigue in the lower leg. They are designed with performance in mind as they are perfect for running, cycling, and training. The compression features help...


























