LER Cover Story:
Snake Bites to the Lower Extremity Reported to U.S. Emergency Departments
Background: Thousands of snake bites occur in the U.S. each year. Venomous snake bites can produce serious adverse effects, and even bites from nonvenomous snakes may cause adverse effects. Snake bites are often treated at hospital emergency departments (EDs). The objective of this study was to describe snake bites to the lower extremity treated at US hospital EDs.
By Mathias B. Forrester, BS
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Feature Articles
A patient-first approach to critical limb ischemia
Outcomes of revascularization in patients with lower extremity critical limb ischemia should be defined according to patient goals and functional criteria rather than more traditional, physician-oriented variables such as limb salvage and graft patency.
By Ginger L. Manos, MD, John W. York, MD, FACS, and Brent L. Johnson, MS
OA after ankle fracture: Surgery’s complex role
In the surgical management of ankle fractures, post-traumatic arthritis is the outcome that practitioners and patients would most like to avoid. But given the sensitivity of joint cartilage to even the slightest malalignment or pressure shift, that can be easier said than done.
By Cary Groner
Effects of load carriage on amputee ambulation
Amputees lack the lower extremity muscles responsible for maintaining kinematic stability under increasing load carriage conditions, and would benefit from a more versatile prosthetic foot design that could adapt dynamically to changing loads.
By Kurt Collier, CP
Factors affecting athletes’ perception of movement
In sports, the concept of “affordance perception” can mean sensing an opponent’s next move, which has implications not just for performance but also for reducing injury risk. An understanding of affordance perception also can improve the effectiveness of training.
By Julie A. Weast-Knapp, MA, and Kevin Shockley, PhD
The role of rocker soles in reducing ulcer risk
Study findings suggest that rocker soles effectively reduce peak plantar pressures in patients at risk for diabetic foot ulceration, particularly when paired with custom orthoses. Whether or not rocker soles can play a role in healing active neuropathic ulcers, however, remains unclear.
By Emily Delzell
Effects of balance training in individuals with CAI
Research supports the use of balance training to improve physiological and clinical outcome measures in patients with chronic ankle instability. Now researchers and clinicians must use that knowledge to optimize the incorporation of balance training into CAI rehabilitation protocols.
By JoEllen M. Sefton, PhD, ATC, CMT, and Kenneth E. Games, MEd, ATC
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A Foot Forward for Optimum Health
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Industry News & Updates
APTA posts 2018 House of Delegates motions
The American Physical Therapy Association (APTA) posted on May 18 the official...
Foundation announces 2018 scholarship and grant opportunities
The Foundation for Physical Therapy is accepting applications for the 2018...
TPE audit shows sharp decline in improper claim payment rate
An initial Target, Probe, and Educate (TPE) audit for Jurisdiction D conducted...
DMU students exercise with Parkinson’s patients
In the spring, physical therapy and podiatric medicine students from Des...
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A Message From the Publisher
Welcome to Lower Extremity Review or LER as we call it. This long awaited magazine fills the lower extremity information gap for practitioners in the fields of Podiatry, Physical Therapy, O&P Pedorthics, and Orthopedics. With over 20 years experience in multi-disciplinary editorial development and publishing, the collaboration of this incredible team has made this publication possible
Rich Dubin
Publisher and Chief Executive Officer
Featured Products
Lower Extremity Review
Townsend Active Reliever
Townsend Design announces the North American release of the Active Reliever, a soft shell single-upright knee brace for osteoarthritis (OA). This brace, available off the shelf or custom fitted, is designed to relieve pain by reducing load on the affected side of the...
Chronic Pain Education System
Physical therapist Adriaan Louw’s Why You Hurt: Therapeutic Neuroscience Education System is a comprehensive tool for teaching patients about pain, distilling complex neuroscience into easily approachable language, examples, metaphors and images. The Why You Hurt...
Diabetic Compression
Sigvaris announces a new therapeutic compression sock option for patients with diabetes. Constructed with the company’s drirelease yarns and embedded FreshGuard technology, Sigvaris Eversoft Diabetic Socks are designed to wick away moisture and prevent odor, reducing...
Hersco LEAP Ankle Brace
Hersco’s new Lower Extremity Ankle Protection (LEAP) brace, the latest in the company’s line of ankle foot orthoses (AFOs), is designed to help improve stability and proprioception in elderly patients and others who are at risk for trips and falls. The LEAP brace is a...
Copolymer Polypropylene
Copolymer polypropylene is now available from Allied O&P Supply in red, light blue, royal blue, purple, yellow, light pink, and brown. Copolymer polypropylene has some flexibility and good crack resistance, but it is more resilient and less rigid than...
Plantarflexion Limiter Kit
Tamarack Habilitation Technologies announces the Tamarack Plantarflexion Limiter Kit, which provides 30° of precision adjustability for plantar flexion control. Kits come in medium and large sizes, can be used with thermoplastic and carbon fiber construction, and...
Pressurex Duration
Sensor Products announces Pressurex Duration, a visual indicator sensor film that reveals the longevity of physical compressive load. The technological innovation behind Pressurex Duration is a sophisticated nanoparticle lattice structure that facilitates a color...
Sidekicks Freestyles
Allied OSI Labs has expanded the “SideKicks” over-the-counter (OTC) orthotic line, providing a more complete solution for in-office dispensing. The original SideKicks line, launched in 2012, consisted of three full-length OTC foot orthoses in sport and casual shell...
AposTherapy Foot Device
AposTherapy is a personalized, nonsurgical treatment program for knee and back pain, based on a biomechanical device worn on the foot that is individually calibrated by specially trained physical therapists. Utilizing state-of-the-art computerized equipment, the...


















