LER Cover Story:
Snake Bites to the Lower Extremity Reported to U.S. Emergency Departments
Background: Thousands of snake bites occur in the U.S. each year. Venomous snake bites can produce serious adverse effects, and even bites from nonvenomous snakes may cause adverse effects. Snake bites are often treated at hospital emergency departments (EDs). The objective of this study was to describe snake bites to the lower extremity treated at US hospital EDs.
By Mathias B. Forrester, BS
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Feature Articles
Compression stockings: Progress and pitfalls
Research supports the use of compression stockings for managing peripheral edema, venous insufficiency, and venous leg ulcers. But, outside the laboratory, issues related to patient compliance and achieving a proper stocking fit remain significant clinical challenges.
By Greg Gargiulo
Patient Perspective: The long struggle to get a knee back in the game
It happened about two years ago while I was playing a friendly game of basketball with my teenage sons and friends. I was 49 years old and never felt like slowing down. Like most guys, while playing ball, we would imitate our favorite players.
By Joseph Hayward
AFO tuning: Balancing function and satisfaction
Tuning of ankle foot orthoses (AFOs) and AFO-footwear combinations can significantly improve gait in patients with neuromuscular impairments. Even so, some pa- tients still prefer their untuned devices, which has led researchers and clinicians to reexamine their approach to intervention.
By Cary Groner
Return of strength after Achilles tendon surgery
Despite excellent subjective outcomes following Achilles tendon repair, significant plantar flexion and dorsiflexion strength deficits often persist. However, modern trends in postoperative rehabilitation represent a progression toward a more functional strength recovery.
By David A. Porter, MD, PhD, Kirk Cleland, MD, and Angela M. Rund, MEd, ATC
Flexible flatfoot: Foot orthoses and outcomes
Many studies have shown an effect of foot orthoses on biomechanical function in patients with flexible flatfoot, but few studies have focused on patient-centered outcomes. There is a need to investigate the effect of foot orthoses on pain and fatigue in these individuals over time.
By Sarah A. Curran, PhD
Running shoe mass: Can feet tell any difference?
Research suggests that when trying on athletic shoes in a retail store, an individual’s perceptions of shoe mass primarily come from handling the shoes and less (if at all) from test-wearing them. In addition, the foot’s perception of shoe mass does not appear to improve with practice.
By Joel G. Greenya, BS, Stephen J. Slade, BS, Christopher L. Kliethermes, PhD, and David S. Senchina, PhD
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A Message From the Publisher
Welcome to Lower Extremity Review or LER as we call it. This long awaited magazine fills the lower extremity information gap for practitioners in the fields of Podiatry, Physical Therapy, O&P Pedorthics, and Orthopedics. With over 20 years experience in multi-disciplinary editorial development and publishing, the collaboration of this incredible team has made this publication possible
Rich Dubin
Publisher and Chief Executive Officer
Featured Products
Lower Extremity Review
Knee Glide Therapy Tool
OPTP has partnered with two physical therapists to offer the Knee Glide physical therapy exercise tool. For lower extremity indications, patients place a foot on the Knee Glide plate for easy movement back and forth along the track. The unit slides smoothly and...
Vim & Vigr Compression Socks
Vim & Vigr offers a line of stylish, high-quality compression socks for men and women. Developed in partnership with vascular surgeons and vein clinics, the compression socks are engineered to help energize the legs, prevent swelling, alleviate fatigue, speed...
Plantar Fasciitis Ankle Brace
The BRD Sport Plantar Fasciitis Brace, which provides compression and stability for patients with plantar fasciitis, is now easier for patients to put on. The sock-like design allows the brace to slip easily onto the foot, and the 3D knit structure now is looser in...
Organic Pro 30 Protein Powder
Designer Protein’s Organic Pro 30 plant-based performance protein powder is formulated to aid postworkout recovery and soothe sore legs. Organic Pro 30 is packed with 30 g of organic, vegan protein per serving, including non-GMO pea protein and organic sprouted rice...
Calf Sleeves In New Colors
Sigvaris Performance Sleeves are now available in the US market in three dynamic new shades: steel blue, blood orange, and limeade. Featuring 20-30 mm Hg of medical-grade graduated compression, the calf sleeves are designed to help improve circulation and reduce...
Elite Ortho FSX Air Walker
Advantage by Elite Orthopaedics introduces the FSX Air Walker for management of ankle strains and sprains, forefoot sprains, stable foot fractures, and distal tibial features. A durable, semirigid shell helps support the limb while providing protection. The FSX Air...
Compression Knee Sleeve
Brownmed now offers the new Imak Compression Arthritis Knee Sleeve for people living with chronic pain from arthritis, fibromyalgia, overuse, neuropathy, joint swelling, and other conditions. The sleeve provides mild compression for warmth and to help increase...
Strideway Gait Analysis Walkway
Tekscan presents Strideway, a next-generation walkway for human gait analysis. This new modular pressure measurement platform provides kinetic, temporal, and spatial gait parameters, as well as pressure and force measurements for a comprehensive gait analysis....
Insite Fusion Elite Insole
Insite Insoles offers the Fusion Elite Insole, with a semiflex shell. Its composite shell material is strong but more flexible than the carbon fiber shell of the company’s Carbon Pro insole. It features two layers of foam materials—one to decelerate force and another...

















