LER Cover Story:
Snake Bites to the Lower Extremity Reported to U.S. Emergency Departments
Background: Thousands of snake bites occur in the U.S. each year. Venomous snake bites can produce serious adverse effects, and even bites from nonvenomous snakes may cause adverse effects. Snake bites are often treated at hospital emergency departments (EDs). The objective of this study was to describe snake bites to the lower extremity treated at US hospital EDs.
By Mathias B. Forrester, BS
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Feature Articles
In search of a mechanism for foot orthoses’ effects
The seemingly endless quest to discover why foot orthoses relieve symptoms is veering away from skeletal alignment and toward somatosensory variables, though some still insist that kinematics play a role as well.
by Cary Groner
Differential diagnosis of Charcot arthropathy
Early detection of Charcot neuroarthropathy is critical for preventing the bone and joint destruction associated with later stages, but symptoms that mimic other conditions can make a differential diagnosis difficult.
By Georgeanne Botek, DPM, and Gina Hild, DPM
Sensitivity to self image boosts O&P outcomes
O&P devices are all-too-public indicators of an infirmity, and often limit clothing and footwear options—all of which contributes to poor self image. But a little empathy can keep self image issues from sabotaging patient compliance.
By Emily Delzell
Rehabilitation following microfracture surgery
Much of the success of microfracture surgery for articular cartilage lesions in the knee depends on what happens after the surgery is over. Progressive, controlled loading of the repaired joint is the key to safe and effective rehabilitation.
By Jon Fravel, ATC, and Michael Shaffer PT, ATC, OCS
Effect of foot function on landing mechanics
Malalignment or dysfunction of the foot can increase the risk of landing-related trauma such as ACL injury, but the biomechanical effects of foot orthoses and bracing may decrease that risk.
By Douglas Powell, PhD, and Nicholas J. Hanson, MS
Unstable shoe designs: Functional implications
Use of unstable footwear to strengthen the typically underused small muscles of the foot and ankle can help improve posture and gait, potentially decreasing pain and risk of injury.
By Scott Landry, PhD
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Industry News & Updates
NYSPMA releases report on value of podiatric services to patients
A report funded by the New York State Podiatric Medical Association (NYSPMA)...
Transplantation may be effective for some knee cartilage repair
Research presented March 10 at the American Orthopaedic Society for Sports...
Pediatric Orthopedic treatments: “Choosing Wisely”
The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) has added several recommendations to...
RFPs for O&P research grants
The American Orthotic & Prosthetic Association (AOPA) is accepting...
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A Message From the Publisher
Welcome to Lower Extremity Review or LER as we call it. This long awaited magazine fills the lower extremity information gap for practitioners in the fields of Podiatry, Physical Therapy, O&P Pedorthics, and Orthopedics. With over 20 years experience in multi-disciplinary editorial development and publishing, the collaboration of this incredible team has made this publication possible
Rich Dubin
Publisher and Chief Executive Officer
Featured Products
Lower Extremity Review
Dr. Comfort Exos Inserts
Dr. Comfort has expanded its custom functional insert line to include Exos advanced technology—a thermoformable material that allows practitioners to make adjustments quickly and easily in their own offices. Exos bondable material is thin, strong, easy to grind, and...
OrthoModel Software Updates
Delcam announces the 2014 R3 version of its OrthoModel software for the design of custom orthotic insoles. The software includes an updated user interface and the ability to display multiple 2D images and a 3D model simultaneously. A new page to capture, import, and...
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Tommie Copper Compression Gear
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Fascia Therapy Book and Tools
Eric Franklin’s new book, Fascia Release and Balance, educates the reader on how connective tissues integrate the body’s components and facilitate all movements. This knowledge is reinforced by Franklin Method ball-rolling and imagery exercises that release tension...

















