LER Cover Story:
Snake Bites to the Lower Extremity Reported to U.S. Emergency Departments
Background: Thousands of snake bites occur in the U.S. each year. Venomous snake bites can produce serious adverse effects, and even bites from nonvenomous snakes may cause adverse effects. Snake bites are often treated at hospital emergency departments (EDs). The objective of this study was to describe snake bites to the lower extremity treated at US hospital EDs.
By Mathias B. Forrester, BS
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Feature Articles
Original research: Skill level and balance in golf
Previous research has identified superior balance in professional golfers compared with controls as well as associations between balance and skill level in amateur golfers. This study compared standing balance characteristics between professional and highly skilled amateur golfers.
By Robert Donatelli, PT, PhD; Kenji Carp, PT, ATC, OCS; Guido Pagnacco, PhD; and John Adam, ATC
Prehabilitation for TJA: More than just exercise
New England Baptist Hospital’s multidisciplinary prehabilitation program is grounded in research suggesting that outcomes after total joint replacement can be positively influenced by preoperative care that includes management of patient expectations as well as exercise.
By Claire E. Robbins, PT, DPT, MS, GCS, James V. Bono, MD, and Carl T. Talmo, MD
Pronation in runners: Implications for injury
Pronation is a necessary component of normal running biomechanics, facilitating shock absorption and stabilization. But abnormal levels of pronation, whether restricted or excessive, can alter gait patterns in ways that can potentially increase the risk of running-related injuries.
By Tracy A. Dierks, PhD
Mysteries of O&P devices and energy expenditure
Ankle foot orthoses and other O&P devices allow patients to walk faster, for longer periods of time, with a more biomechanically efficient gait. It seems logical that energy costs would decrease as a result. But that’s been surprisingly difficult for researchers to prove.
By Cary Groner
Global lessons improve amputation prevention
Interdisciplinary foot screening and limb salvage programs in this country and around the world have successfully reduced diabetic foot ulceration and amputation rates, and in doing so have inspired others to initiate similar prevention programs in their own countries.
By Emily Delzell
Functional knee bracing and athletic performance
Functional knee braces can’t be effective if athletes won’t wear them, and many athletes won’t wear them because they fear their athletic performance will be negatively affected. But early research suggests that athletes accommodate to knee brace wear almost immediately.
By Neetu Rishiraj, ATC, PhD, Jack E. Taunton, MSc, MD, Robert Lloyd-Smith, MD, William Regan, MD, and Navin Prasad, MSc, MD
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Industry News & Updates
Lynda Woodruff, Leader in physical therapy education
Lynda Woodruff, PT, PhD, a visiting professor at Alabama State University...
Charles Southerland, DPM, receives humanitarian award
Charles Southerland, DPM, received the Humanitarian Award at the 98th Annual...
Scope-of-practice legislation progresses in South Carolina
Legislation to expand the scope of practice in South Carolina to include the...
Dennis Frisch installed as APMA president
Dennis R. Frisch, DPM, has been installed as president of American Podiatric...
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A Message From the Publisher
Welcome to Lower Extremity Review or LER as we call it. This long awaited magazine fills the lower extremity information gap for practitioners in the fields of Podiatry, Physical Therapy, O&P Pedorthics, and Orthopedics. With over 20 years experience in multi-disciplinary editorial development and publishing, the collaboration of this incredible team has made this publication possible
Rich Dubin
Publisher and Chief Executive Officer
Featured Products
Lower Extremity Review
SenMoCOR Rehab System
SenMoCOR (Sensory Motor Control-Oriented Rehabilitation) offers the user and the clinician immediate visual feedback regarding sensory motor control with an easy-to-wear laser and laser targets. Developed by the International Academy of Orthopedic Medicine-US and...
ProTech Met Foot Orthosis
Powerstep’s new ProTech Met offers the stability, support and comfort of the company’s ProTech Full Length Orthotic but has the added benefit of a built-in metatarsal pad, which helps spread and cushion the metatarsal heads to alleviate pain in the ball of foot. Other...
Spring Footwear From Spenco
Spenco introduces its new fashion-forward footwear for spring 2015. New this year are Crackle and Nightlight athletic slides, which capture the bright, rich color trend in popular footwear. Other sandals feature metallic embellishments, reptilian textures,...
Curbell Transfer Paper Website
Curbell Plastics is introducing myDesignOandP.com, a new website that allows patients to explore patterns and colors of transfer papers to personalize thermoplastic orthotic and prosthetic devices. Involving patients, and pediatric patients in particular, in the...
Dynamic Chopart Gait Stabilizer
Hersco offers a new Dynamic Chopart Gait Stabilizer as the latest addition to its line of ankle foot orthoses (AFOs). The new Dynamic Chopart Gait Stabilizer is an AFO designed for Chopart amputees who wish to remain active. Addressing concerns about AFOs feeling...
ManukaMed Honey Dressing
ManukaMed USA has launched an improved version of its ManukaHD Lite honey-impregnated dressing, designed to provide active absorption of wound exudates and maximum exposure to medical-grade Leptospermum scoparium (Manuka) honey. The high sugar levels in the honey...
Expedition Foot Orthosis
Footmaxx has introduced the Expedition, a durable and lightweight orthotic device featuring a carbon fiber module, Poron XRD midlayer, and silver-infused X-Static topcover for improved performance. The Expedition foot orthosis is designed for those needing maximum...
Techmax Epoxy Resin
Streifeneder USA now offers Techmax Epoxy Resin, a new adhesive formulated specifically for technicians in the orthotics and prosthetics industry. Techmax is a durable, high-performance resin that is low odor, antibacterial, and contains no volatile organic compounds...
Soft Opaque Now in Mulberry
Sigvaris offers one of the season’s on-trend shades, Mulberry, in its Soft Opaque hosiery collection. With the softness of microfiber and durable, breathable construction, Soft Opaque hosiery is designed to look and feel like designer fashion tights and help keep legs...

















