LER Cover Story:
Snake Bites to the Lower Extremity Reported to U.S. Emergency Departments
Background: Thousands of snake bites occur in the U.S. each year. Venomous snake bites can produce serious adverse effects, and even bites from nonvenomous snakes may cause adverse effects. Snake bites are often treated at hospital emergency departments (EDs). The objective of this study was to describe snake bites to the lower extremity treated at US hospital EDs.
By Mathias B. Forrester, BS
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Feature Articles
Poststroke bone changes in patients who use AFOs
The medical literature suggests that changes in bone density and other bone characteristics after stroke persist after patients have regained ambulatorystatus. Whether ankle foot orthoses have a shielding effect on bone remodeling, however, remains unclear.
By Kyle Sherk, MS, CPO
Active Stance: Rethinking the concept of excessive pronation
Anterior knee pain is one of the most common injuries affecting runners, accounting for 25% of all running injuries.1 The etiology of anterior knee pain is multifactorial in nature,2 but one of the most commonly cited biomechanical risk factors is excessive rearfoot pronation.
By Pedro Rodrigues, MS, PT, PhD, Trampas TenBroek, PhD, and Joseph Hamill, PhD
Foot ulcer experts weigh use of hyperbaric oxygen
Two February publications sum up the polarizing nature of hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) for treating recalcitrant diabetic foot ulcers. A meta-analysis supported use of HBOT, while a large cohort study found a lack of effectiveness in community-care settings.
By Larry Hand
Exercise helps reduce claudication symptoms
Research suggests that exercise therapy can help reverse the ambulatory impairments associated with lower extremity pain in patients with peripheral arterial disease. The next step is to determine the methods of exercise therapy most likely to result in optimal outcomes.
By Ana I. Casanegra, MD, Omar L. Esponda, MD, and Andrew W. Gardner, PhD
The role of varus thrust in knee osteoarthritis
Varus thrust is a characteristic of dynamic alignment that has been shown to be predictive of medial tibiofemoral structural progression. Treatments aimed at minimizing varus thrust may reduce structural progression and symptoms related to knee osteoarthritis.
By Grace Hsiao-Wei Lo, MD, MSc
Foot orthoses and injury prevention in football
Team practitioners at the United States Naval Academy designed an orthotic intervention to prevent turf toe and Lisfranc sprains in football linemen and gained valuable insights about how players’ preferences and predispositions can affect compliance.
By CAPT Jeff Fair, EdD, ATC, LAT; CAPT David Keblish, MD; and LCDR Anthony Rabaiotti, DPM
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Industry News & Updates
SPS Promotes Weger to VP and General Manager
Hanger, Inc., Austin, Texas, announced that Regina Weger has been promoted to...
APTA, ACSM Formalize New Partnership
The American Physical Therapy Association (APTA) has partnered with the...
Renowned Orthopedic Surgeon to Lead Foot and Ankle Division at NYU Langone Health
John G. Kennedy, MD, renowned for his work in the surgical treatment of foot...
$11 million NIH Grant Creates New Center for Musculoskeletal Research
Clemson University, South Carolina, received an $11 million grant from the...
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A Message From the Publisher
Welcome to Lower Extremity Review or LER as we call it. This long awaited magazine fills the lower extremity information gap for practitioners in the fields of Podiatry, Physical Therapy, O&P Pedorthics, and Orthopedics. With over 20 years experience in multi-disciplinary editorial development and publishing, the collaboration of this incredible team has made this publication possible
Rich Dubin
Publisher and Chief Executive Officer
Featured Products
Lower Extremity Review
OPTP Posture Brick
OPTP has added the Posture Brick to its line of fitness and therapy products. Posture Bricks can be used for yoga or Pilates, or in clinical settings focused on positioning, posture, and therapeutic exercise. Posture Bricks are made from closed-cell, heat-molded EVA...
Spenco Slides and Sandals
Spenco Medical Corporation’s new line of sandals and slides is characterized by summery stripes, bright colors, and a new width option. New to the Spenco footwear line are the Breeze open-toe slides and sandals for men and women and the Montauk closed-toe slide for...
EcoPure Coral Powder
EcoPure Coral Powder is derived from coral that is harvested “above-sea” to help protect the ocean. This powder, featured in the Coral Complex3 supplement from Coral, is also available on its own. EcoPure powder offers 350 mg of bioavailable coral calcium per serving...
Pro-Tec Athletics PF Sleeve
New from Pro-Tec Athletics is the PF Sleeve, a low-profile, comfortable option for treating plantar fasciitis. The PF Sleeve features an open-toe design and advanced stitching designed to provide targeted stabilization for the arch, heel, and Achilles tendon. The PF...
Össur Rebound Hip Brace
Össur has launched Rebound Hip, a comfortable, lightweight postoperative brace for patients recovering from hip arthroscopy, gluteus medius repair, or hamstring repair surgery. The universal belt fits hip circumferences up to 48", and an optional belt extender...
Microfiber Shades In New Colors
Sigvaris North America is putting its best foot forward this summer with the launch of several additions to the Microfiber Shades line of graduated compression stockings. Designed to give people a fun, new way to wear compression every day, the Microfiber Shades line...
Thermal Ankle Brace
Orthozone introduces its Thermoskin Thermal Ankle Brace, designed to provide heat therapy and light compression to help increase circulation. Features of the brace include a pull-on design, antislip sole, and two removable side stabilizers for ankle support. The...
Diabetic Light Compression Sock
The Caresox Diabetic Light Compression sock is designed to provide maximum comfort for patients with diabetes. Manufactured in Italy, the quick-drying Silver DryStat fibers are antifungal, antibacterial, and odor resistant. The light compression (10-15 mm Hg) helps...
Aquaroll System
The Aquaroll System from AquarollUSA is designed to enhance treatment of the foot, ankle, and other extremities. The Aquaroll bead hydromassage system combines 30,000 glass beads and water in motion to create a standing wave. Patients place their feet and ankles in...


















