Charcot neuropathic osteoarthropathy complicates an estimated 0.1-7.5% of diabetic patients in general clinic populations, yet misdiagnosis rates remain high. Structured short-term follow-up restricted to X-ray-positive patients, of 60 consecutive adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) of >10 years duration. All underwent bilateral foot X-ray in antero-posterior and oblique views, full clinical and neurological assessment, and laboratory investigations including HbA1c.
Lower Extremity Review
TALAR Score: Using Early Red Flags to Predict the Failure of Conservative Management
Functional testing after an ankle sprain may help identify patients who later develop mechanical instability and require surgery. This study aimed to identify early clinical and functional predictors of surgical stabilization for chronic ankle instability (CAI) after acute sprains and to develop a simple composite predictive score. This prospective observational study included 197 patients with…
Defining Potential Neurovascular Risk Zones in Superficial Plantar-Medial Release
The superficial plantar-medial release (S-PMR) refers to a group of surgical procedures involving the release of the plantar aponeurosis and adjacent medial plantar soft tissues that are used in selected cases of plantar fasciitis and cavovarus foot deformity. The procedure aims to address pain and contracture of the plantar aponeurosis and intrinsic foot muscles, which…
A Complete Tear of Achilles Tendon Caused by a Kite String–A Case Report
Kite flying in India and other Southeast Asian countries is a significant cultural activity, especially during festive seasons. There is an increasing use of non-biodegradable kite strings, like the Chinese manja, which has caused a rise in injuries not just to kiteflyers but also to pedestrians and motorcyclists, sometimes even causing life-threatening injuries.
Effects of Taping on Balance in Recreational Athletes with CAI
Chronic ankle instability (CAI) commonly develops after recurrent ankle sprains and is associated with deficits in proprioception and dynamic balance. Sports taping (ST) is frequently used to enhance joint stability but may restrict movement. Dynamic taping (DT) is a novel alternative elastic taping technique designed to provide support without restricting functional motion.
The Effectiveness of Ankle Taping in Dancers With CAI–A Randomized Crossover Study
Lateral ankle sprains and chronic ankle instability (CAI) are common among dancers, often presenting with impaired static and dynamic balance. Ankle taping is a conservative treatment option, but its effectiveness remains controversial. Dancers, who often exhibit greater ligamentous laxity compared to other athletes, may respond differently to ankle taping, research to this population is limited.
Calcaneal Fat Pad Thickness and Plantar Foot Ulceration in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes
Thinning of fat pads may elevate the risk of developing plantar foot ulcers potentially resulting in lower-extremity amputations. Evaluating whether fat pad thickness is associated with plantar foot ulceration could aid in early risk detection. This study therefore aims to compare fat pad thickness between type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients with and without plantar foot ulcers using MRI.
Therapeutic Efficacy of Platelet-Rich Plasma as a Treatment for Plantar Fasciitis
Plantar fasciitis, a common cause of heel pain, affects many individuals. It often impairs daily activities and quality of life. While conventional treatments, such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and corticosteroids, provide temporary relief, they rarely address underlying pathology. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP), with its regenerative potential, has emerged as a promising alternative.
Young Female Soccer Players Face Higher Risk of Injury Due to Gaps in Prevention Training
Lower extremity injuries are common in youth soccer. The Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA) 11+ Kids program is a neuromuscular training program designed to improve physical performance and reduce injury risk in youth soccer athletes. It has not been studied in female players alone.
Correlation Between Vitamin B12 Levels and Peripheral Neuropathy in Diabetic Patients
Diabetic peripheral neuropathy is a common and debilitating complication of diabetes mellitus, significantly impacting the quality of life of affected individuals. Vitamin B12 is essential for nerve function and myelin synthesis and its deficiency can lead to neuropathy that resembles diabetic neuropathy. Long-term metformin use in diabetic patients increases the risk of vitamin B12 deficiency, making the relationship between the 2 critical to explore.
Sensory Nerves at Risk During Hallux Valgus Surgery
Hallux valgus is a common forefoot deformity. Sensory complications after correction can result from iatrogenic injury to the medial branch of the medial dorsal cutaneous nerve (MDCNm), lateral dorsal cutaneous nerve (LDCN), medial plantar cutaneous nerve (MPCN), and lateral plantar cutaneous nerve (LPCN). Following PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines, PubMed…
Comparing Scarf/Akin Osteotomy vs Modified Lapidus Procedure in Hallux Valgus
Hallux valgus is a common forefoot deformity. Both Scarf/Akin osteotomy and the modified Lapidus procedure (MLP) are established surgical options for moderate to severe cases, but few studies directly compare outcomes. A retrospective cohort study of patients undergoing Scarf/Akin osteotomy or MLP between 2019 and 2020 was performed. Patient-reported outcomes (Manchester Oxford Foot Questionnaire (MOXFQ)…
Functional Outcomes of All-Inside Arthroscopic Repair for CAI in Adolescents
Lateral ankle sprain is a very common orthopedic injury and may progress to chronic ankle instability (CAI), particularly in adolescents engaged in sports. Approximately 20-40% of patients with acute ankle sprains develop CAI, which is associated with instability, pain, and impaired performance. Results of surgical management of CAI in the pediatrics is limited. This study evaluates outcomes of arthroscopic ligament repair in adolescents.
Correlation Between Functional Impairment and MRI Assessment of Cartlidge in CAI
Chronic ankle instability (CAI) is characterized by persistent ankle pain, instability, and recurrent sprains. Previous studies have investigated functional impairments and cartilage degeneration separately, but the relationship between them in CAI remains unclear and unexplored. This study aimed to compare the outcomes of functional impairments and cartilage composition between individuals with CAI and healthy controls.
Remote Monitoring Technology in Patients at Risk for DFUs
Globally, a lower-extremity amputation occurs every 20 seconds as a complication of a diabetic foot ulcer, underscoring the urgent need for effective preventive strategies. Previous studies have shown that temperature-based foot monitoring can reduce both the incidence and severity of diabetic foot ulcers. However, real-world adherence data for remote temperature monitoring remain limited, particularly in diverse or…
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