LER Cover Story:
Snake Bites to the Lower Extremity Reported to U.S. Emergency Departments
Background: Thousands of snake bites occur in the U.S. each year. Venomous snake bites can produce serious adverse effects, and even bites from nonvenomous snakes may cause adverse effects. Snake bites are often treated at hospital emergency departments (EDs). The objective of this study was to describe snake bites to the lower extremity treated at US hospital EDs.
By Mathias B. Forrester, BS
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Feature Articles
Quantifying functional effects of AFO alignment
Assessing device alignment is a key aspect of prosthetic practice, but when it comes to lower extremity orthotics the process is less common. That’s changing, however, as researchers begin to document the effects of alignment on gait biomechanics.
by Cary Groner
Knee OA and obesity: A cyclical clinical challenge
Obesity not only increases the risk of knee osteoarthritis but also makes it more difficult to treat, as typical exercise recommendations often are simply not practical. Gait researchers, however, are working to identify new potential therapeutic approaches.
by Elizabeth M. Russell, MS, and Joseph Hamill, PhD
Therapeutic management of flexible flatfoot pain
The practitioner’s objective in treating flexible flatfoot is to realign the foot and eliminate pain. Multiple nonsurgical therapeutic options are available, but if those are unsuccessful, surgical interventions can be effective.
by Neal M. Blitz, DPM, FACFAS, and Pawel Hanulewicz, MD
Achilles tendinopathy: Treatment strategies
Research has elucidated new information about the disease processes that contribute to Achilles tendinopathy and the relative effectiveness of therapies such as heavy-load eccentric exercise and injections of corticosteroids, dextrose, and other solutions.
by Michael Ryan PhD, CPed(C)
Dyslipidemia’s effect on diabetic neuropathy
The importance of glycemic control in patients with diabetes is well known. But neurological studies suggest that dyslipidemia is actually a more significant contributor to the development of peripheral neuropathy in the same patient population.
by Andrea M. Vincent, PhD, Lucy M. Hinder, PhD, and Eva L. Feldman, MD, PhD
Global Intelligence: News and views from around the world
Top opinion leaders and researchers from across the globe came together in May for the International Society of Prosthetics & Orthotics (ISPO) meeting in Leipzig, Germany, and the International Federation of Podiatrists (FIP) meeting in Amsterdam. This special report covers a range of topics from both events, specifically selected for their relevance to the lower extremity practitioner. By Jordana Bieze Foster
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A Foot Forward for Optimum Health
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Industry News & Updates
Noraxon launches biomech data hub
Scottsdale, AZ-based Noraxon USA, a leader in human movement metrics and...
Foot Science prefab FO reduces injury risk
Contoured prefabricated foot orthoses from Christchurch, New Zealand-based...
BOC celebrates expanded office space
The Board of Certification/Accreditation (BOC) staff and Board of Directors...
Bacino is Levy and Rappel sales manager
Saddle Brook, NJ-based Levy and Rappel is once again expanding operations and...
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A Message From the Publisher
Welcome to Lower Extremity Review or LER as we call it. This long awaited magazine fills the lower extremity information gap for practitioners in the fields of Podiatry, Physical Therapy, O&P Pedorthics, and Orthopedics. With over 20 years experience in multi-disciplinary editorial development and publishing, the collaboration of this incredible team has made this publication possible
Rich Dubin
Publisher and Chief Executive Officer
Featured Products
Lower Extremity Review
Anatomical Roller
OPTP’s new Anatomical Roller is designed for core strengthening, balance work, postural reeducation, kinesthetic exercise, spinal stabilization, physical therapy, Pilates, and stretching. The roller’s asymmetrical design features one round side, tapered ends, and a...
Tri Lam Custom Foot Orthoses
Hersco Ortho Labs announces that it has a new line of Tri Lam custom foot orthoses with several material choices. Tri Lam technology layers materials of different durometers, allowing the practitioner to vary both thickness and shock absorption of the custom foot...
Streifeneder AK-Suspender
Euro International, now successfully operating as Streifeneder USA, announces the launch of the AK-Suspender. Designed for use with a transfemoral prosthesis, the suspender’s high-tech style and material choice is modern and fresh, yet sophisticated and functional....
Sloped CAD-CAM Blockers
JMS Plastics Supply has added sloped blockers to its growing family of materials and supplies for milling machines used in computer-aided design and manufacturing. The new sloped CAD-CAM blockers are immediately available in both 40-durometer white J-Foam EVA...
Skeo 3D Liner, MagnoFlex Lock
Ottobock announces two new products: the Skeo 3D liner and the MagnoFlex lock. The Skeo 3D is a silicone prosthetic liner that introduces Anatomy Specific Geometry (ASG) technology, which reflects the complexity of the lower leg anatomy and optimizes the medical and...
Shields II Hinged Brace
Hely & Weber introduces the Shields II hinged brace, which maintains the multiuse dynamic control features of the original Shields Brace but is lower profile, lighter weight, and more breathable. Medial and lateral spiral stays prevent bunching while allowing for...
Redi-Thotics From ComfortFit
ComfortFit Orthotic Labs announces a partnership with Redi-Thotics whereby the Max and Flex products will be added to ComfortFit’s comprehensive line of prefabricated orthotic devices. Designed for patients with higher arches, Redi-Thotics Max features a firm plastic...
Redesigned Fast Fit Inserts
Cascade Dafo’s popular line of prefabricated Fast Fit foot orthoses has a new streamlined look. HotDog, PattiBob, and Chipmunk shoe inserts now feature a breathable blue fabric covering, designed to improve durability while keeping feet cool and comfortable. Fast Fit...
Men’s Midtown Microfiber Socks
Sigvaris is proud to introduce a new collection of compression socks designed exclusively for men. From a day at the office to a night on the town, Midtown Microfiber socks offer a comfortable compression option for men who care about keeping their legs healthy. They...


















